| | - B cell
- (from the article "lymphocyte") The two primary types of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, or B cells and T cells. Both originate from stem cells in the bone marrow and are initially ...
- B horizon
- (from the article "soil") Below A lies the B horizon. In mature soils this layer is characterized by an accumulation of clay (small particles less than 0.002 mm [0.00008 inch] in diameter) that has ...
- B ring
- (from the article "Saturn") The B ring is the brightest, thickest, and broadest of the rings. It extends from 1.52 to 1.95 Saturn radii and has optical depths between 0.4 and 2.5, the precise ...
- B'nai B'rith
- (Hebrew: "Sons of the Covenant"), oldest and largest Jewish service organization in the world, with men's lodges, women's chapters, and youth chapters in countries all over the world. [1 Related Articles]
- b'stillah
- (from the article "Morocco") ...provide ample products for Moroccan kitchens. Meat staples include fish, lamb, and fowl-including pigeon, which is considered a delicacy when baked in pastry, the b'stillah, a national ...
- B-1
- U.S. variable-wing strategic bomber that entered service in 1986 as a successor to the B-52 Stratofortress. The B-1 was designed to penetrate radar-guided air defenses by flying at low levels. ... [2 Related Articles]
- B-10
- (from the article "military aircraft") ...a 50-percent improvement over the biplane bombers then in service, without any reduction in bombload. Within months of its first flight, the B-9 was overshadowed completely by the Martin B-10 ...
- B-15A
- (from the article "Antarctica") In November 2004 the iceberg B-15A began to drift away from Ross Island along the coast of Victoria Land. B-15A-which was 115 km long (1 km = about 0.62 mi) ...
- B-17
- U.S. heavy bomber used during World War II. The B-17 was designed by the Boeing Aircraft Company in response to a 1934 Army Air Corps specification that called for a ... [5 Related Articles]
- B-1B
- (from the article "B-1") ...by Rockwell International. The B-1A, first flown in 1974, was designed to reach twice the speed of sound at high altitudes and to carry nuclear bombs and short-range attack missiles ...
- B-2
- (from the article "bomber") ...was effectively undetectable by the air defense radar systems of the time. Late 20th-century efforts to evade increasingly sophisticated radar early-warning systems culminated in the United States' B-2 Advanced Technology ...
- B-24
- long-range heavy bomber used during World War II by the U.S. and British air forces. It was designed by the Consolidated Aircraft Company (later Consolidated-Vultee) in response to a January ... [2 Related Articles]
- B-25
- U.S. medium bomber used during World War II. The B-25 was designed by North American Aviation, Inc., in response to a prewar requirement and was first flown in 1940. A ...
- B-26
- U.S. medium bomber used during World War II. It was designed by the Glenn L. Martin Company Aviation in response to a January 1939 Army Air Forces requirement calling for ...
- B-26 Invader
- (from the article "attack aircraft") ...Il-2 Stormovik and the U.S. Douglas A-20 Havoc, which were armed with 20-millimetre cannons and .30- or .50-inch machine guns. Two other American attack aircraft of the 1940s and '50s ...
- B-29
- U.S. heavy bomber used in World War II. It was the type of airplane that was used to firebomb Tokyo and other Japanese cities and that dropped atomic bombs on ... [6 Related Articles]
- B-47
- (from the article "bomber") ...War II gained increased speed by jet propulsion, and their nuclear bombloads played a principal role in the superpowers' strategic thinking during the Cold War. Medium-range bombers such as the ...
- B-52
- U.S. long-range heavy bomber, designed in 1948 and first flown in 1952. Though originally intended to be an atomic-bomb carrier capable of reaching the Soviet Union, it proved adaptable to ... [5 Related Articles]
- B-9
- (from the article "military aircraft") ...fighters, changing to high-strength metal construction in the late 1920s and to monoplane design, which brought higher speeds, in the early 1930s. In 1931 the Boeing Aircraft Company produced the ...
- B-class asteroid
- (from the article "Asteroid taxonomic classes") Asteroids of the B, C, F, and G classes have low albedos and spectral reflectances similar to those of carbonaceous chondritic meteorites and their constituent assemblages produced by hydrothermal alteration ...
- B-DNA
- (from the article "nucleic acid") The double helical structure of normal DNA takes a right-handed form called the B-helix. The helix makes one complete turn approximately every 10 base pairs. B-DNA has two principal grooves, ...
- B-film
- cheaply produced, formulaic film initially intended to serve as the second feature on a double bill. During the 1930s and '40s, a period often called the Golden Age of Hollywood, ... [2 Related Articles]
- B-meson
- (from the article "particle accelerator") ...that they have different values of momentum. When they annihilate, the net momentum is not zero, as it is with particles of equal and opposite momentum, so new short-lived particles ...
- B-scan
- (from the article "ultrasonics") ...it encounters changes in acoustic impedance, which cause reflections. The amount and time delay of the various reflections can be analyzed to obtain information regarding the internal organs. In the ...
- B-spline
- (from the article "computer graphics") ...equivalently, by two points and the curve's slopes at those points. Two cubic curves can be smoothly joined by giving them the same slope at the junction. Bezier curves, and ...
- B-type star
- (from the article "Space densities of stars") ...stars with surface temperatures typically of 25,000-50,000 K (although a few O-type stars with vastly greater temperatures have been described); lines of ionized helium appear in the spectra. Class B ...
- Ba
- ancient tribe and later an ancient Chinese feudal state that came into being in the 11th century BCE, under the Xi (Western) Zhou dynasty. It was situated in the Jialing ... [1 Related Articles]
- ba
- in ancient Egyptian religion, with the ka and the akh, a principal aspect of the soul; the ba appears in bird ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ba Jamal, 'Abd al-Qadir al-
- (from the article "Yemen") Area: 528,076 sq km (203,891 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 22,231,000 | Capital: Sanaa | Chief of state: President Maj. Gen. 'Ali 'Abdallah Salih | Head of government: Prime ...
- Ba Jin
- Chinese anarchist writer whose novels and short stories achieved widespread popularity in the 1930s and '40s. [3 Related Articles]
- Ba Maw
- politician who in 1937 became the first Burmese premier under British rule; he later was head of state in the pro-Japanese government during World War II (August 1943-May 1945). [4 Related Articles]
- ba'al shem
- in Judaism, title bestowed upon men who reputedly worked wonders and effected cures through secret knowledge of the ineffable names of God. Benjamin ben Zerah (11th century) was one of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ba'al Shem Tov
- charismatic founder (c. 1750) of Hasidism, a Jewish spiritual movement characterized by mysticism and opposition to secular studies and Jewish rationalism. He aroused controversy by mixing with ordinary people, renouncing ... [6 Related Articles]
- Ba'labakki, Layla
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...adopted-though often only half-understood-by young Arab, Turkish, or Persian writers. Some of them, nevertheless, have achieved interesting results from time to time: an example is Layla Ba'labakki, whose semiautobiographical novel, ...
- Ba'qubah
- town, east-central Iraq. Located on the Diyala River and on a road and a rail line between Baghdad and Iran, it is a regional trade centre for agricultural produce and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ba'th Party
- Arab political party advocating the formation of a single Arab socialist nation. It has branches in many Middle Eastern countries and was the ruling party in Syria from 1963 and ... [19 Related Articles]
- Ba, Mariama
- (from the article "African literature") ...the form of "dialogues," either between Islam and Western materialism or between traditional autocracy and Christian compassion. Remarkable as women writers in a hitherto male world were Mariama Ba, recipient ...
- Baade, Walter
- (from the article "Icarus") ...has a more eccentric orbit and also approaches nearer the Sun (within 30 million km [19 million miles]) than does any other known body in the solar system except comets. ...
- Baader, Andreas
- (from the article "Red Army Faction") West German radical leftist group formed in 1968 and popularly named after two of its early leaders, Andreas Baader (1943-77) and Ulrike Meinhof (1934-76).
- Baader, Franz Xaver von
- Roman Catholic layman who became an influential mystical theologian and ecumenicist. [1 Related Articles]
- Baal
- god worshiped in many ancient Middle Eastern communities, especially among the Canaanites, who apparently considered him a fertility deity and one of the most important gods in the pantheon. As ... [22 Related Articles]
- Baal Epic
- (from the article "epic") ...alphabet, from Ras Shamra (the site of ancient Ugarit), in northern Syria, there are important fragments of three narrative poems. One of these is mythological and recounts the career of ...
- Baal Hammon
- (from the article "North Africa") ...in antiquity for the intensity of their religious beliefs, which they retained to the end of their independence and which in turn influenced the religion of the Libyans. The chief ...
- Baal, J. van
- (from the article "providence") ...need of reassurance that he is not an unimportant item in an indifferent world; if he cannot be comforted, to be threatened is better than to be alone in an ...
- Baal-berith
- (from the article "Abraham") ...of which has been perceived more clearly as a result of recent archaeological excavations. From the mid-13th to the mid-11th century BC, Shechem was the site of the cult of ...
- Baalat
- (from West Semitic ba'alat, "lady"), often used as a synonym for the special goddess of a region; also, the chief deity of Byblos. Very little is known of Baalat, "the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Baalbeck
- large archaeological complex encompassing the ruins of an ancient Roman town in eastern Lebanon. It is located in the broad Al-Biqa' (Bekaa Valley) region, at an elevation of roughly 3,700 ... [2 Related Articles]
- Baalbek International Festival
- (from the article "Lebanon") Lebanon's antiquities and ruins have provided not only inspiration for artists but also magnificent backdrops for annual music festivals, most notably the Baalbek International Festival. At one time, international opera, ...
- Baalot
- (from the article "biblical literature") The religion of the Canaanites was an agricultural religion, with pronounced fertility motifs. Their main gods were called the Baalim (Lords), and their consorts the Baalot (Ladies), or Asherah (singular), ...
- Baarova, Lida
- Czech actress (b. 1914, Prague, Austro-Hungarian Empire [now Czech Rep.]-d. Oct. 27, 2000, Salzburg, Austria), appeared in a number of successful German films in the 1930s, including Barcarole (1935) and ...
- Baasha
- (from the article "biblical literature") The dynasties of the northern kingdom were shortlived. Jeroboam was succeeded by his son Nadab, who reigned for two years before he was overthrown by Baasha, who decimated the house ...
- Bab el-Mandeb Strait
- strait between Arabia (northeast) and Africa (southwest) that connects the Red Sea (northwest) with the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean (southeast). The strait is 20 miles (32 km) ...
- Bab, the
- merchant's son whose claim to be the Bab (Gateway) to the hidden imam (the perfect embodiment of Islamic faith) gave rise to the Babi religion and made him one of ... [7 Related Articles]
- Bab-ilu
- (from the article "Babel, Tower of") ...never completed, and the people were dispersed over the face of the earth. The myth may have been inspired by the Babylonian tower temple north of the Marduk temple, which ...
- Baba Chinese
- (from the article "Malaysia") ...languages are not mutually intelligible, it is not uncommon for two Chinese to converse in a lingua franca such as Mandarin Chinese, English, or Malay. The community that is colloquially ...
- Baba Malay language
- (from the article "Malay language") ...in the East Indian archipelago and was the basis of the colonial language used in Indonesia by the Dutch. The version of Bazaar Malay used in Chinese merchant communities in ...
- Baba Mountains
- (from the article "Hindu Kush") ...Mount Tirich Mir; the central Hindu Kush, which then continues to the Shebar (Shibar) Pass (9,800 feet [2,987 metres]) to the northwest of Kabul; and the western Hindu Kush, also ...
- Baba Tahir
- one of the most revered early poets in Persian literature. [2 Related Articles]
- Baba'i rebellion
- (from the article "Anatolia") ...his realm by annexing Amida (Diyarbakir), thus pushing the boundaries of the Anatolian Seljuq state up to those of modern Turkey, he faced two severe challenges to his rule. The ...
- Baba, Malam
- (from the article "Agaie") ...The town lies at the intersection of roads from Bida, Baro, Tagagi, Lapai, and Ebba. Originally inhabited by the Dibo (Ganagana, Zitako), a people associated with the Nupe, it fell ...
- Baba-aha-iddina
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...As king he campaigned with varying success in southern Armenia and Azerbaijan, later turning against Babylonia. He won several battles against the Babylonian kings Marduk-balassu-iqbi and Baba-aha-iddina (about 818-12) and ...
- Baba-Yaga
- in Russian folklore, an ogress who steals, cooks, and eats her victims, usually children. A guardian of the fountains of the water of life, she lives with two or three ...
- Babahoyo
- city, west-central Ecuador, on the southern shore of the Babahoyo River, a major branch of the Guayas River. A processing and trade centre for the surrounding agricultural region, the city ...
- Babak
- leader of the Iranian Khorram-dinan, a religious sect that arose following the execution of Abu Muslim, who had rebelled against the 'Abbasid caliphate. Denying that Abu Muslim was dead, the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Babak
- (from the article "Ardashir I") Ardashir was the son of Babak, who was the son or descendant of Sasan and was a vassal of the chief petty king in Persis, Gochihr. After Babak got Ardashir ...
- Babalola, Joseph
- (from the article "Aladura") The main expansion occurred when a prophet-healer, Joseph Babalola (1906-59), became the centre of a mass divine-healing movement in 1930. Yoruba religion was rejected, and pentecostal features that had been ...
- Babalola, S Adeboye
- poet and scholar known for his illuminating study of Yoruba ijala (a form of oral poetry) and his translations of numerous folk tales. He devoted much of his career to ...
- Babangida, Ibrahim
- Nigerian military leader, who served as head of state (1985-93). [4 Related Articles]
- Babar
- (from the article "children's literature") ...the very decade they scorned saw at least three magnificent achievements. The first was Jean de Brunhoff's. Equally talented as author and artist, in 1931 he gave the world that ...
- Babar Island
- island and island group in the Banda Sea, Maluku propinsi (province), Indonesia. Located between Timor to the west and the Tanimbar Islands to the east, the group consists of Babar, ...
- Babashoff, Shirley
- American swimmer who won eight Olympic medals and was one of only two women to win five medals in swimming during one Olympic Games.
- babassu oil
- (from the article "babassu palm") ...martiana, A. oleifera, or A. speciosa), tall palm tree with feathery leaves that grows wild in tropical northeastern Brazil. The kernels of its hard-shelled nuts are the source of babassu ...
- babassu palm
- (Attalea martiana, A. oleifera, or A. speciosa), tall palm tree with feathery leaves that grows wild in tropical northeastern Brazil. The kernels of its hard-shelled nuts are the source of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Babbage, Charles
- English mathematician and inventor who is credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer. [10 Related Articles]
- babbitt metal
- any of several tin- or lead-based alloys used as bearing material for axles and crankshafts, based on the tin alloy invented in 1839 by Isaac Babbitt for use in steam ... [5 Related Articles]
- Babbitt, Bruce
- (from the article "Phoenix") In the late 1960s and early '70s corruption was an impediment to convincing nonmilitary employers to move into the Phoenix area. Bruce Babbitt, who in the mid-1970s was the state ...
- Babbitt, Irving
- American critic and teacher, leader of the movement in literary criticism known as the "New Humanism," or Neohumanism. [2 Related Articles]
- Babbitt, Isaac
- American inventor of a tin-based alloy (now known as babbitt) widely used for bearings.
- Babbitt, Milton
- American composer and theorist known as a leading proponent of total serialism-i.e., musical composition based on prior arrangements not only of all 12 pitches of the chromatic scale (as in ... [3 Related Articles]
- Babcock test
- (from the article "Babcock, Stephen Moulton") agricultural research chemist, often called the father of scientific dairying chiefly because of his development of the Babcock test, a simple method of measuring the butterfat content of milk. Introduced ...
- Babcock, Alpheus
- (from the article "keyboard instrument") ...case to the pinblock but finally in the form of a single massive casting that took the entire tension of the strings upon itself. The one-piece cast-iron frame was first ...
- Babcock, Ernest B.
- (from the article "Stebbins, George Ledyard, Jr.") ...in Plants (1950) established Stebbins as one of the first biologists to apply this theory to plant evolution. Working with several species of flowering plants, Stebbins and his coworker, Ernest ...
- Babcock, Harold Delos
- astronomer who with his son Horace Welcome Babcock invented (1951) the solar magnetograph, an instrument allowing detailed observation of the Sun's magnetic field. With their magnetograph the Babcocks demonstrated the ...
- Babcock, Horace Welcome
- American astronomer who with his father, Harold Delos Babcock, invented the solar magnetograph, an instrument allowing detailed observation of the Sun's magnetic field. [1 Related Articles]
- Babcock, Joseph P.
- (from the article "mah-jongg") ...ma ch'iau. The sparrow or a mythical "bird of 100 intelligences" appears on one of the tiles. The name mah-jongg was coined and copyrighted by Joseph P. Babcock, an American ...
- Babcock, Orville E.
- (from the article "Grant, Ulysses S.") ...the operation of the "Whiskey Ring," which had the aid of high-placed officials in defrauding the government of tax revenues. When the evidence touched the president's private secretary, Orville E. ...
- Babcock, Stephen Moulton
- agricultural research chemist, often called the father of scientific dairying chiefly because of his development of the Babcock test, a simple method of measuring the butterfat content of milk. Introduced ...
- Babe Ruth League
- (from the article "Little League") A number of organizations similar to Little League have also been successful, including the Babe Ruth League (Little Bigger League, 1952-53), for boys and girls 13 through 18. The Babe ...
- Babel, Isaak Emmanuilovich
- Soviet short-story writer noted for his war stories and Odessa tales. He was considered an innovator in the early Soviet period and enjoyed a brilliant reputation in the early 1930s. [3 Related Articles]
- Babel, Tower of
- in biblical literature, structure built in the land of Shinar (Babylonia) some time after the Deluge. The story of its construction, given in Genesis 11:1-9, appears to be an attempt ... [7 Related Articles]
- Babelthuap
- largest of the Caroline Islands and largest island within the country of Palau. It has an area of 143 square miles (370 square km) and lies in the western Pacific ... [2 Related Articles]
- Babenberg, House of
- Austrian ruling house in the 10th-13th century. Leopold I of Babenberg became margrave of Austria in 976. The Babenbergs' power was modest, however, until the 12th century, when they came ... [4 Related Articles]
- Babenco, Hector
- Brazilian film director known for socially conscious films that examine the lives of society's outsiders.
- Babergh
- district, administrative and historic county of Suffolk, England. Babergh extends across the southern part of Suffolk. Babergh includes much of the area made familiar by the paintings of John Constable ...
- Babesia
- (from the article "babesiosis") any of a group of tick-borne diseases of animals caused by species of Babesia, protozoans that destroy red blood cells and thereby cause anemia. Cattle tick fever, from B. bigemina, ...
- Babesia bigemina
- (from the article "babesiosis") any of a group of tick-borne diseases of animals caused by species of Babesia, protozoans that destroy red blood cells and thereby cause anemia. Cattle tick fever, from B. bigemina, ...
- babesiosis
- any of a group of tick-borne diseases of animals caused by species of Babesia, protozoans that destroy red blood cells and thereby cause anemia. Cattle tick fever, from B. bigemina, ...
- Babeuf, Francois-Noel
- early political journalist and agitator in Revolutionary France whose tactical strategies provided a model for left-wing movements of the 19th century and who was called Gracchus for the resemblance of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Babi faith
- (from the article "Baha'i faith") The Baha'i religion originally grew out of the Babi faith, or sect, which was founded in 1844 by Mirza 'Ali Mohammad of Shiraz in Iran. He proclaimed a spiritual doctrine ...
- Babia, Mount
- highest mountain (5,659 feet [1,725 m] at Diablok) peak in the Beskid Mountains, on the Slovakia-Poland border and one of the highest peaks in Poland. It is 12 miles (19 ... [3 Related Articles]
- Babiali
- (from the article "vizier") ...the sultan, whose signet ring he kept as an insignia of office. His actual power, however, varied with the vigour of the sultans. In 1654 the grand vizier acquired an ...
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