(from the article "cognition") The second approach is based on the work of Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, who viewed cognitive adaptation in terms of two basic processes: assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is the process ...
(from the article "nervous system, human") In order to bring a nearby object into focus, several changes must occur in both the external and internal muscles of the eyes. The initial stimulus for accommodation is a ...
(from the article "human behaviour") ...already possesses. A five-year-old who has a concept of a bird as a living thing with a beak and wings that flies will try to assimilate the initial perception of ...
in music, auxiliary part or parts of a composition designed to support the principal part or to throw it into relief. In secular medieval music and in much folk and ... [6 Related Articles]
in law, a person who becomes equally guilty in the crime of another by knowingly and voluntarily aiding the other to commit the offense. An accomplice is either an accessory ...
Italian woman whose life story aroused a great deal of contemporary interest and was later the basis for a play by John Webster, The White Devil (1612), and for a ...
(from the article "automobile") ...an advanced compound vortex controlled combustion (CVCC) chamber, which easily met American emissions standards at a time when American manufacturers were arguing that it was impossible. Honda's Accord model, introduced ...
(from the article "Richard III") ...recognized to be superior to the Lancastrian title through the junior male line of Henry VI. York himself was designated heir to the throne when Henry V died. However, this ...
free-reed portable musical instrument, consisting of a treble casing with external piano-style keys or buttons and a bass casing (usually with buttons) attached to opposite sides of a hand-operated bellows. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "marketing") ...have diversified into other types of marketing communications, including public relations, sales promotion, interactive media, and direct marketing. Agencies typically consist of four departments: account management, a creative division, a ...
any amount owed by a company as the result of a purchase of goods or services from another company on a credit basis. Under a trade-credit arrangement, the purchasing company, ...
any amount owed to a business by a customer as a result of a purchase of goods or services from it on a credit basis. The company making the sale ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "constitution") Under constitutional government, those who govern are regularly accountable to at least a portion of the governed. In a constitutional democracy, this accountability is owed to the electorate by all ...
(from the article "defense economics") ...are a listing of expenditures under various main headings-personnel, equipment, and supplies-and the total is approved through the political process. This type of budget is called an accountability budget because ...
(from the article "auditing") In addition, the assurance services of professionally certified accountants include all of the following: financial, compliance, and assurance audits; less-formal review of financial information; attestation about the reliability of another ...
systematic development and analysis of information about the economic affairs of an organization. This information may be used in a number of ways: by a firm's managers to help them ... [3 Related Articles]
capital and largest city of Ghana, on the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean). The city lies partly on a cliff, 25 to 40 feet (8 to 12 metres) high, and ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Ghana") The southeastern corner of the country, between the Akwapim-Togo Ranges and the sea, consists of the gently rolling Accra Plains, which are underlain by some of the oldest Precambrian rocks ...
(from the article "hydrosphere") The Earth is thought to have accreted from a cloud of ionized particles around the Sun. This gaseous matter condensed into small particles that coalesced to form a protoplanet, which ...
(from the article "coral reef") Coral islands created by accretion have developed from rubbly reef rock broken off from the reef by storms and waves and mixed with finer reef detritus. The exceptional conditions of ...
(from the article "comet") ...a long time. The most probable hypothesis is that it was formed at the same time as the giant planets by the very process that accreted them. The Soviet astronomer ...
(from the article "continental shield") ...that most continental shields are bordered by belts of folded rocks of post-Precambrian age. One school of thought holds that Earth history can be interpreted in terms of the concept ...
(from the article "lapillus") ...32 mm (0.16 and 1.26 inches) that was ejected during a volcanic explosion. Lapilli may consist of fresh magma, solid magma from a prior eruption, or basement rocks through which ...
(from the article "ocean") ...which sometimes breaks the ocean surface, as in the case of the Java Trench. Such a ridge is constructed from deformed sediments scraped off the top of the descending oceanic ...
(from the article "plate tectonics") As subduction leads to contraction of an ocean, elevated regions within the ocean basin such as linear island chains, oceanic ridges, and small crustal fragments (such as Madagascar or Japan), ...
(from the article "income tax") ...accurate measure of taxpaying ability depends on how income is defined. The only definition that has been found to be completely consistent and free from anomalies and capricious results is ...
the processes of change in artifacts, customs, and beliefs that result from the contact of two or more cultures. The term is also used to refer to the results of ... [12 Related Articles]
(from the article "glacier") ...and they primarily waste away by melting and runoff or by the breaking off of icebergs (calving). In order for a glacier to remain at a constant size, there must ...
(from the article "social change") ...to this theory, the expansion of collective knowledge and capabilities beyond a certain limit is possible only by specialization and differentiation. Growth of technical knowledge stimulates capital accumulation, which leads ...
(from the article "petroleum") The porosity (volume of pore spaces) and permeability (capacity for transmitting fluids) of carrier and reservoir beds are important factors in the migration and accumulation of oil. Most petroleum accumulations ...
(from the article "analysis") Accuracy is the degree of agreement between the experimental result and the true value. Precision is the degree of agreement among a series of measurements of the same quantity; it ...
Italian legal scholar and leading jurist of the 13th century who was responsible for the renovation of Roman law. He was the last of a series of legal glossators (annotators) ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Armenian language") ...verbs. It was close typologically to Greek, though the shapes of words were very, even surprisingly, different. The nominal and pronominal declension had seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, ...
in law, the rights and privileges of a person accused of a crime, guaranteeing him a fair trial. These rights were initially (generally from the 18th century on) confined primarily ...
(from the article "playing card") In most Western card games, the numeral 1 is designated ace and marked A accordingly. In games based on the superiority of one rank over another, such as most trick-taking ...
(from the article "handball") Any shot beyond an opponent's reach is called a placement. The most effective placement is a kill, in which the ball rebounds at a height so low that it is ...
American radio writer and performer and producer-writer for television, whose literate writing, wry humour, and relaxed style influenced numerous radio and television writers from the 1930s on.
semiautonomous province of Indonesia, forming the northern extremity of the island of Sumatra. Aceh is surrounded by water on three sides: the Indian Ocean to the west and north and ... [17 Related Articles]
one of the main ethnic groups on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. They were estimated to number roughly 2,100,000 in the late 20th century. They speak a language of the ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Austronesian languages") ...languages include Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Waray, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan of the Philippines; Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Minangkabau, the Batak languages, Acehnese, Balinese, and Buginese of western Indonesia; and ...
(1873-1904), an armed conflict between The Netherlands and the Muslim sultanate of Acheh (now Aceh) in northern Sumatra that resulted in Dutch conquest of the Acehnese and, ultimately, in Dutch ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "lepidopteran") ...number of moth families the females are wingless, although the males are fully winged (bagworm moths [family Psychidae], some tussock moths [family Lymantriidae]). In the aquatic snout moth (Acentropus) some ...
(from the article "Computers and Information Systems") Acer of Taiwan acquired American PC maker Gateway for $710 million. Gateway, founded in 1985 as a direct-sales PC firm that had no stores, had fallen on hard times in ...
(from the article "fascism") ...in 1933, he abandoned his military uniform for a civilian suit and bowed profusely to President Paul von Hindenburg in public ceremonies. In 1923 Mussolini proposed an electoral reform, known ...
(from the article "apterygote") Abdominal appendages 2-segmented with up to 4 setae, 2 pairs with terminal vesicles.Abdominal appendages 2-segmented with up to 4 setae, anterior pair with terminal...
(from the article "apterygote") Pairs of abdominal appendages alike, 2-segmented with 5 setae.Tracheal system absent; claw of middle and hindlegs broadly boat-shaped; lids to gland openings large and with or without teeth on ...
an open, saucer-shaped asexual fruiting body found in fungi (kingdom Fungi). Always developed below the epidermis of the host tissue, it bears conidiophores (specialized filaments, or hyphae) that form conidia ...
in Greek mythology, legendary king of Segesta (Greek Egesta) in Sicily. His mother, Egesta, had been sent from Troy by her parents to save her from being devoured by a ...
(from the article "sweetener") Acesulfame potassium (marketed as Sunette) was approved in the United States in 1988. It is about 130-200 times as sweet as sucrose, has good shelf life and high stability, and ...
(from the article "percussion instrument") ...closely those used by the Greeks and the Romans. Probably cast rather than spun, they were held horizontally, one above the other. Small cup-shaped cymbals called acetabulae, ...
genus of one-celled, umbrella-like green algae found in subtropical seas, called the "mermaid's wine glass." At the top of the tall, slender stalk, 0.5 to 10 cm (0.2 to 3.9 ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "skeletal system, human") The pelvic girdle consists originally of three bones, which become fused in early adulthood and each of which contributes a part of the acetabulum, the deep cavity into which the ...
an aldehyde used as a starting material in the synthesis of 1-butanol (n-butyl alcohol), ethyl acetate, perfumes, flavourings, aniline dyes, plastics, synthetic rubber, and other chemical compounds. It has been ... [3 Related Articles]
drug used in the treatment of mild pain, such as headache and pain in joints and muscles, and to reduce fever. It is formed in the body as a metabolite ... [2 Related Articles]
synthetic organic compound introduced in therapy in 1886 as a fever-reducing drug. Its effectiveness in relieving pain was discovered soon thereafter, and it was used as an alternative to aspirin ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Common polyatomic ions") ...molecule is converted by this action to acetaldehyde, itself a highly toxic substance, but the acetaldehyde is immediately acted upon by another enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and converted to acetate, most ...
(from the article "dye") ...chains bearing polar groups, mainly nitriles, made by copolymerization of acrylonitrile (at least 85 percent) with small amounts (10-15 percent) of components such as acrylamide and vinyl acetate to produce ...
(from the article "industrial polymers, major") The full exploitation on a commercial scale of the acetone-soluble material was accomplished by two Swiss brothers, Henri and Camille Dreyfus, who during World War I built a factory in ...
(from the article "protozoan") ...coloured flagellates combine autotrophy with heterotrophy and are, strictly speaking, mixotrophs. Some members of the Euglenida, Cryptomonadida, and Volvocida, for example, are commonly called the acetate flagellates because their preferred ...
(from the article "pharmaceutical industry") ...Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase produces diuresis (urine formation). Subsequently, many sulfanilamide-like compounds were synthesized and screened for their ability to inhibit carbonic anhydrase. Acetazolamide, which was developed by scientists at ...
the most important of the carboxylic acids. A dilute (approximately 5 percent by volume) solution of acetic acid produced by fermentation and oxidation of natural carbohydrates is called vinegar; a ... [9 Related Articles]
(from the article "ketene") ...combines with compounds containing an easily replaced hydrogen atom to yield derivatives of acetic acid. The only important industrial use of ketene itself is its reaction with acetic acid to ...
(from the article "carboxylic acid") Pyruvic acid and acetoacetic acid are the simplest and most important of the alpha-keto and beta-keto acids, respectively.
(from the article "carboxylic acid") Acetoacetic acid (in the form of its ethyl ester, called ethyl acetoacetate) is the starting compound in a series of reactions (the acetoacetic ester synthesis) that is parallel to the ...
(from the article "metabolism") ...malonyl moiety (-OOCH2CO&singlehorzbond;). Simultaneously, the carbon dioxide fixed in step [62] is lost, leaving as a product a four-carbon moiety attached to ACP and called acetoacetyl-S-ACP [64].
(from the article "Some compounds produced by bacteria on an industrial scale") In 1864 the French physicist Louis Pasteur showed that it is Acetobacter bacteria that cause the conversion of alcohol to acetic acid. These bacteria work together symbiotically, producing enough acetic ...
(from the article "bacteria") ...and Desulfuromonas reduce sulfate and elemental sulfur (S), respectively, yielding sulfide (S2−), and the bacterium Acetobacterium woodii and methanogenic archaea, such as
organic solvent of industrial and chemical significance, the simplest and most important of the aliphatic (fat-derived) ketones. Pure acetone is a colourless, somewhat aromatic, flammable, mobile liquid that boils at ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "carboxylic acid") ...are organic cyanides. They are named after the corresponding carboxylic acids by changing -ic acid to -onitrile, or -nitrile, whichever preserves a single letter o. Thus, CH3CN is acetonitrile (from ...
(from the article "acetaminophen") drug used in the treatment of mild pain, such as headache and pain in joints and muscles, and to reduce fever. It is formed in the body as a metabolite ...
an organic compound used as an ingredient in perfumes and as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, resins, flavouring agents, and a form of tear gas. It also ...
(from the article "bacteria") ...the carbon source. The most common pathways for synthesizing organic compounds from carbon dioxide are the reductive pentose phosphate (Calvin) cycle, the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the acetyl-CoA pathway ...
(from the article "metabolism") ...and fatty acids (Figure 2), the molecule first undergoes a carboxylation, forming malonyl coenzyme A, before participating in fatty acid synthesis. The carboxylation reaction is catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase, ...
(from the article "metabolism") ...as palmitic acid from acetyl coenzyme A and malonyl coenzyme A. The products of [63a] and [63b] are acetyl-S-ACP, malonyl-S-ACP, and coenzyme A. The enzymes catalyzing [63a] and [63b] are ...
(from the article "metabolism") ...ACP-SH is involved in all of the reactions leading to the synthesis of a fatty acid such as palmitic acid from acetyl coenzyme A and malonyl coenzyme A. The products ...
(from the article "poison") Two types of conjugations, acetylations and methylation, do not enhance the excretion of the parent chemical. Acetylation and methylation decrease the water solubility of the parent chemical and mask the ...
(ACh), an ester of choline and acetic acid that is the transmitter substance at many neural, or nerve, synapses and at the motor end plate of vertebrate muscles (see end-plate ... [20 Related Articles]
(from the article "muscle") Acetylcholine receptors are ion channels that span the postsynaptic membrane, and they have extracellular, intramembranous, and cytoplasmic portions. They are located principally over the peaks of the postsynaptic folds, where ...
(from the article "acetylcholine") ...and a change in the nature of a generator potential results. The effects of successive nerve impulses accumulate if they arrive at a sufficiently high frequency. The ACh is destroyed ...
the simplest and best-known member of the hydrocarbon series containing one or more pairs of carbon atoms linked by triple bonds, called the acetylenic series, or alkynes. It is a ... [14 Related Articles]
(from the article "acetylene") The hydrogen atoms in acetylene can be replaced by metallic elements to form acetylides-e.g., acetylides of silver, copper, or sodium. The acetylides of silver, copper, mercury, and gold are detonated ...
(from the article "red dog") In one version of red dog-also known as yablon, acey-deucey, and between the sheets-each player puts up an initial stake, and the banker deals two cards faceup. Unless the ranks ...
nomos (department) and historic region of Greece on the north coast of the Peloponnese, south of the Gulf of Corinth. In ancient times it was bounded on ... [4 Related Articles]
any of the ancient Greek people, identified in Homer, along with the Danaoi and the Argeioi, as the Greeks who besieged Troy. Their area as described by Homer-the mainland and ... [1 Related Articles]
3rd-century-BC confederation of the towns of Achaea in ancient Greece. The 12 Achaean cities of the northern Peloponnese had organized a league by the 4th century BC to protect themselves ... [11 Related Articles]
eponymous ancestor of the Persian Achaemenid dynasty; he was the father of Teispes (Chishpish) and an ancestor of Cyrus II the Great and Darius I the Great. Although Achaemenes probably ... [1 Related Articles]
(559-330 BC), ancient Iranian dynasty whose kings founded and ruled the Achaemenian Empire. Achaemenes (Persian Hakhamanish), the Achaemenians' eponymous ancestor, is presumed to have lived early in the 7th century ... [29 Related Articles]
(from the article "Antiochus III") The son of Seleucus II, Antiochus succeeded his brother Seleucus III as king. He retained from the previous administration Hermias as chief minister, Achaeus as governor of Asia Minor, and ...
South American Indian people of Venezuela and eastern Colombia. They speak a language of the Maipurean Arawakan group. Traditionally, the Achagua had typical tropical-forest economies, living in large villages and ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "esophagus") Disorders of the esophagus include ulceration and bleeding; heartburn, caused by gastric juices in the esophagus; achalasia, an inability to swallow or to pass food from the esophagus to the ...
(from the article "Malpighiales") Achariaceae contains 30 genera and 145 species of shrubs to trees, or rarely climbing herbs, which are scattered throughout the tropics. The Indo-Malesian Hydnocarpus (40 species) is the largest genus ...
(from the article "gastropod") In some places, introductions of Achatina and Helix have resulted in damage to crops and gardens by these rapidly multiplying snails. On the other hand, habitat degradation, the introduction of ...
(from the article "gastropod") ...and forest-litter snails (Stenopylis, Punctum) are less than one millimetre (0.04 inch) in diameter. At the other extreme, the largest land snail, the African ...
(from the article "gastropod") ...altered in sluglike forms; about 18,000 species.A group of 4 superfamilies.Besides the giant African snail, 4 families, including many species spread by commerce throughout the world.Achatina
(from the article "gastropod") ...into mantle cavity (part of the viscera) near anterior margin of lung after ureter passes forward from anterior kidney margin; about 6,000 species.Minute to medium-sized Pacific land snails with ...
nomadic South American Indian people living in eastern Paraguay. The Ache speak a Tupian dialect of the Tupi-Guaranian language family. They live in the densely forested, hilly region between the ... [3 Related Articles]
Ghanaian army officer, who, after leading a military revolt that overthrew the government of Kofi Busia, became Ghana's chief of state in 1972. In July 1978 he was forced to ... [3 Related Articles]
prominent Igbo (Ibo) novelist acclaimed for his unsentimental depictions of the social and psychological disorientation accompanying the imposition of Western customs and values upon traditional African society. His particular concern ... [1 Related Articles]
