| | - Abeokuta
- town, capital of Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria. It is situated on the east bank of the Ogun River, around a group of rocky outcroppings that rise above the surrounding wooded ... [2 Related Articles]
- Aberbach, Jean
- (from the article "Hill and Range") When Austrian immigrant brothers Jean and Julian Aberbach formed their Hill and Range publishing company in 1945, the name they chose made it clear which songwriters they were after-the country-and-western ...
- Aberbach, Julian
- (from the article "Hill and Range") When Austrian immigrant brothers Jean and Julian Aberbach formed their Hill and Range publishing company in 1945, the name they chose made it clear which songwriters they were after-the country-and-western ...
- Abercrombie & Fitch Co.
- former retail sporting goods concern originally based in New York City, famed for its wide range of expensive and often exotic sporting equipment and attire from tennis shoes to elephant ...
- Abercrombie, James
- British general in the French and Indian Wars, commander of the British forces in the failed attack on the French at Ticonderoga. [1 Related Articles]
- Abercrombie, Lascelles
- poet and critic who was associated with Georgian poetry.
- Abercrombie, Sir Patrick
- British architect and town planner who redesigned London after it was devastated by enemy bombardment in World War II. [1 Related Articles]
- Abercromby, Sir Ralph
- soldier whose command restored discipline and prestige to the British army after the disastrous campaigns in the Low Countries between 1793 and 1799. He prepared the way for the successful ... [1 Related Articles]
- Aberdare
- town ("community"), Rhondda Cynon Taff county borough, historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg), Wales, on the River Cynon. The community dates from the Middle Ages. Its Saint John's Church was built ... [1 Related Articles]
- Aberdare National Park
- (from the article "Principal national parks of the world") ...of leather goods, soap, wood and furniture, processed food, soft drinks, cord, rope, twine, clay and concrete products, agricultural implements, and fabrics. Nyeri serves as the gateway to Aberdare National ...
- Aberdare Range
- mountain range, forming a section of the eastern rim of the Great Rift Valley in west-central Kenya, northeast of Naivasha and Gilgil and just south of the Equator. The range ... [2 Related Articles]
- Aberdeen
- city and historic royal burgh (town) astride the Rivers Dee and Don on Scotland's North Sea coast. Aberdeen is a busy seaport, a centre of Scotland's fishing industry, and the ...
- Aberdeen
- city, seat (1880) of Brown county, northeastern South Dakota, U.S. It lies in the James River valley about 160 miles (260 km) northeast of Pierre. Established in 1881 as a ...
- Aberdeen
- city, Grays Harbor county, western Washington, U.S., on the Pacific estuaries of the Chehalis, Wishkah, and Hoquiam rivers (which together form Grays Harbor). With Hoquiam and Cosmopolis, Aberdeen forms a ...
- Aberdeen
- city, Harford county, northeastern Maryland, U.S., near Chesapeake Bay, 26 miles (42 km) northeast of Baltimore. Settled about 1800, it was named for the city in Scotland. Aberdeen is the ...
- Aberdeen Proving Ground
- (from the article "Aberdeen") ...Bay, 26 miles (42 km) northeast of Baltimore. Settled about 1800, it was named for the city in Scotland. Aberdeen is the principal trading centre for the nearby 113-square-mile (293-square-km) ...
- Aberdeen, George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of, Viscount Gordon Of Aberdeen, Viscount Of Formartine, Lord Haddo, Methlick, Tarves, And Kellie
- British foreign secretary and prime minister (1852-55) whose government involved Great Britain in the Crimean War against Russia (1853-56). [2 Related Articles]
- Aberdeen, University of
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") The University of Aberdeen was formed in 1860 by the union of two medieval colleges: King's College, founded as a Roman Catholic institution in 1495, and the Protestant Marischal College, ...
- Aberdeenshire
- council area and historic county of eastern Scotland. It projects shoulderlike eastward into the North Sea and encompasses coastal lowlands in the north and east and part of the Grampian ...
- Aberfan
- (from the article "Merthyr Tydfil") ...of the collection of the National Museum of Wales. The county borough includes several mining communities that developed during the 18th and 19th centuries along with the town of Merthyr ...
- Abergavenny
- town ("community"), historic and present county of Monmouthshire (Sir Fynwy), Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Gavenny and Usk. The strategic nature of this site, guarding a main valley ...
- Abergele
- (from the article "Conwy") ...the county borough's population is concentrated along its coastal strip, where tourism is the main industry. Colwyn Bay is one of the most popular seaside resorts and the largest town. ...
- Aberhart, William
- the first Social Credit Party premier of Alberta, during and after the Great Depression. [2 Related Articles]
- Abernathy, Ralph David
- black American pastor and civil-rights leader who was Martin Luther King's chief aide and closest associate during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and '60s. [1 Related Articles]
- Abernon, Sir John D'
- (from the article "metalwork") ...in some cases, brass sheets were imported and engraved by English artists. The manufacture of unornamented brass plates centred chiefly at Cologne. The oldest English brass in existence is that ...
- aberration
- in optical systems, such as lenses and curved mirrors, the deviation of light rays through lenses, causing images of objects to be blurred. In an ideal system, every point on ... [4 Related Articles]
- aberration, constant of
- in astronomy, the maximum amount of the apparent yearly aberrational displacement of a star or other celestial body, resulting from the Earth's orbital motion around the Sun. The value of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Abert, Lake
- (from the article "lake") ...of various tectonic phenomena has resulted in the formation of a few lake basins, but faulting, in its great variety of forms, has been responsible for the formation of many ...
- Abertillery
- town, Blaenau Gwent county borough, historic county of Monmouthshire (Sir Fynwy), Wales, in the valley of the River Ebbw. Coal mining was its main economic interest from about 1850 until ...
- Aberystwyth
- coastal town, Ceredigion county (historic county of Cardiganshire), Wales, where the River Rheidol flows into Cardigan Bay. Traces of extensive Iron Age earthworks have been found on the hill Pen ... [2 Related Articles]
- Aberystwyth Grit Formation
- (from the article "Silurian Period") ...deepwater shales of the basin. Submarine avalanches (turbidity flows) brought the 1,200 to 1,500 metres (approximately 3,900 to 4,900 feet) of interbedded shales and fine sandstones constituting the Aberystwyth Grit ...
- abetalipoproteinemia
- (from the article "metabolic disease") A deficiency of microsomal transfer protein causes abetalipoproteinemia, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by the virtual absence of VLDL and LDL. Triglycerides accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, and ...
- abettor
- in law, a person who becomes equally guilty in the crime of another by knowingly and voluntarily aiding the criminal during the act itself. An abettor is one kind of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Abgar legend
- in early Christian times, a popular myth that Jesus had an exchange of letters with King Abgar V Ukkama of Osroene, whose capital was Edessa, a Mesopotamian city on the ...
- Abgar VII
- (from the article "Osroene") ...during wars between Rome and Parthia from the 1st century BC to the 2nd century AD, and it formed alliances at different times with one or the other. Finally, the ...
- Abgesang
- (from the article "minnesinger") ...the tripartite structure taken over from the Provencal canso: two identical sections, called individually Stollen and collectively Aufgesang, and a third section, or Abgesang (the terms derive from the later ...
- Abha
- city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. It is situated on a plain at the western edge of Mount al-Hijaz and is surrounded by hills. The valley of the Wadi Abha near the ... [1 Related Articles]
- abhava
- (from the article "Vaisheshika") To these six was later added abhava, nonexistence or absence. Though negative in content, the impression it makes is positive; one has a perception of an absence where one misses ...
- Abhayagiri
- important ancient Theravada Buddhist monastic centre (vihara) built by King Vattagamani Abhaya (29-17 BC) on the northern side of Anuradhapura, the capital of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) at that time. Its ... [2 Related Articles]
- Abhayagiriviharavasi
- (from the article "Buddhism") ...Asoka (3rd century BCE), the Theravada school was established in Sri Lanka, where it subsequently divided into three subgroups, known after their respective monastic centres. The cosmopolitan Abhayagiriviharavasi maintained open ...
- Abhdisho bar Berikha
- Syrian Christian theologian and poet who was the last important representative of the Nestorian tradition, a theological school emphasizing a rational, critical interpretation of early Christian doctrine. The sect, centred ...
- abhibhvayatana
- in Buddhist philosophy, one of the preparatory stages of meditation, in which the senses are completely restrained. In Buddhist canons, abhibhvayatana is divided into eight substages during which man comes ...
- Abhidhamma
- (from the article "Buddhism") ...Vinaya), to the discourses of the Buddha (Pali: Sutta), and subsequently to the interest in scholasticism (Pali: Abhidhamma)."Abhidhamma Pitaka"
- Abhidhamma Pitaka
- the third-and historically the latest-of the three "baskets," or collections of texts, that together compose the Pali canon of Theravada Buddhism, the form predominant in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka ... [3 Related Articles]
- Abhidhammattha-sangaha
- a highly popular primer, or digest, of the Abhidhamma corpus (the scholastic section of the canon) of the Theravada tradition. The Abhidhammattha-sangaha was composed in India or in Myanmar (Burma), ...
- Abhidhammavatara
- the earliest effort at systematizing, in the form of a manual, the doctrines dealt with in the Abhidhamma (scholastic) section of the Theravada Buddhist canon. The Abhidhammavatara was written in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Abhidharmakosha
- encyclopaedic compendium of Abhidharma (scholasticism). [3 Related Articles]
- abhijna
- in Buddhist philosophy, miraculous power obtained especially through meditation and wisdom. Usually five kinds of abhijna are enumerated: the ability (1) to travel any distance or take ...
- abhimukhi
- (from the article "bhumi") ...(4) arcismati ("brilliant," the rays of his virtue consuming evil passions and ignorance), (5) sudurjaya ("hard to conquer"), (6) abhimukhi ("turning toward" both transmigration and nirvana), (7) durangama ("far-going"), (8) ...
- Abhinavagupta
- philosopher, ascetic and aesthetician, and outstanding representative of the "recognition" (pratyabhijna) school of Kashmiri Saivite monism. This school conceived of the god Siva (the manifestation of ultimate reality), the individual ... [2 Related Articles]
- Abhira
- (from the article "India") ...between the Yamuna and the Beas rivers. The Trigartas have been associated with the Chamba region of the upper Ravi River, but they also may have inhabited the area of ...
- Abhisamayalambkaraloka
- important contribution to exegetical literature on the Prajnaparamita- ("Perfection of Wisdom") sutras of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition and one of the texts most often studied in Tibetan monasteries.
- abhiseka
- ("sprinkling"), in esoteric Buddhism, a purificatory or initiatory rite in which a candidate is sprinkled with water or other liquid, signifying a change in status. [3 Related Articles]
- Abia
- state, east-central Nigeria. Abia was administratively created in 1991 from the eastern half of former Imo state. It is bordered by the states of Enugu to the north, Cross River ...
- Abiathar
- in the Old Testament, son of Ahimelech, priest of Nob. He was the sole survivor of a massacre carried out by Doeg. Fleeing to David, he remained with him throughout ... [1 Related Articles]
- Abid al-Bukhari
- army of Saharan blacks organized in Morocco by the 'Alawi ruler Isma'il (reigned 1672-1727). Earlier rulers had recruited black slaves (Arabic: 'abid) into their armies, and these men or their ... [2 Related Articles]
- Abidjan
- chief port, de facto capital, and largest city of Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast). It lies along the Ebrie Lagoon, which is separated from the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic ... [7 Related Articles]
- abietic acid
- the most abundant of several closely related organic acids that constitute most of rosin, the solid portion of the oleoresin of coniferous trees. Commercial abietic acid is usually a glassy ... [1 Related Articles]
- Abigail
- in the Old Testament, the wife of Nabal of southern Judah, on whose death she became one of the first wives of David (1 Samuel 25) and the mother of ...
- Abijah
- ("Yahweh Is My Father"), any of nine different persons mentioned in the Bible, of whom the most noteworthy are the following: (1) The son and successor of Rehoboam, king of ...
- Abildgaard, Nicolai Abraham
- the most renowned Danish painter of the late 18th century and one of the early Neoclassicists.
- Abilene
- city, seat (1861) of Dickinson county, east-central Kansas, U.S. The city lies along the Smoky Hill River. [2 Related Articles]
- Abilene
- city, seat (1883) of Taylor county (and partly in Jones county), west-central Texas, U.S. It lies on low, rolling plains 153 miles (246 km) west of Fort Worth. Founded in ...
- ability
- (from the article "intelligence, human") ...viewed intellectual abilities as hierarchical, with g, or general ability, located at the top of the hierarchy. But below g are levels of gradually narrowing abilities, ending with the specific ...
- ability-to-pay principle
- (from the article "taxation") The ability-to-pay principle requires that the total tax burden will be distributed among individuals according to their capacity to bear it, taking into account all of the relevant personal characteristics. ...
- Abimelech
- (from the article "biblical literature") After Gideon died, the people returned to worshipping the gods of the Canaanites, especially Baal-berith. Abimelech, one of the 70 sons of the wives and concubines of Gideon, went to ...
- Abingdon
- town ("parish"), Vale of White Horse district, administrative county of Oxfordshire, historic county of Berkshire, England. It lies south of Oxford at the confluence of the Rivers Thames and Ock. [1 Related Articles]
- Abingdon
- town, seat (1778) of Washington county, southwestern Virginia, U.S. It lies in the Blue Ridge highlands of the Appalachian Mountains, near the border with Tennessee, 15 miles (24 km) northeast ...
- Abington
- town (township), Plymouth county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies 19 miles (31 km) southeast of Boston and 4 miles (6 km) east of Brockton. Ames Nowell State Park is nearby ...
- Abington
- urban township, Montgomery county, southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S. Abington is a northern suburb of Philadelphia, encompassing the communities of Ardsley, Glenside, McKinley, Noble, North Glenside, and Roslyn.
- Abington, Fanny
- English actress admired both for her craft and for her leadership in fashion.
- AbioCor artificial heart
- (from the article "artificial heart") ...patients fared little better or even worse, so that use of the Jarvik-7 was stopped. In 2001 a team of American surgeons implanted the first completely self-contained artificial heart, called ...
- Abiodun
- (from the article "Oyo empire") ...political options; some wished to concentrate on amassing wealth, while others advocated the use of wealth for territorial expansion. This difference was not resolved until the alafin Abiodun (reigned c. ...
- Abiola, Moshood Kashimawo Olawale
- Nigerian executive, financier, and politician (b. Aug. 24, 1937, Abeokuta, Nigeria--d. July 7, 1998, Abuja, Nigeria), was one of the richest magnates in Africa and popularly regarded as the leader ...
- Abipon
- South American Indian people who formerly lived on the lower Bermejo River in the Argentine Gran Chaco. They spoke a language (also called Callaga) belonging to the Guaycuruan group of ... [3 Related Articles]
- abiraterone
- (from the article "prostate cancer") Other drugs, called antiandrogens, block the activity of androgens and are often used in combination with other forms of hormone therapy. An antiandrogen called abiraterone inhibits the activity of an ...
- Abish Khatun
- (from the article "Salghurid Dynasty") ...of the Khwarezm-Shah dynasty. With the eclipse of the Khwarezm-Shahs, the Salghurids transferred their allegiance to the Il-Khanid rulers of Iran. The last Salghurid ruler, Abish Khatun (reigned 1265-70), was ...
- Abish, Walter
- American writer of experimental novels and short stories whose fiction takes as its subject language itself.
- Abitibi Belt
- (from the article "Precambrian time") Important occurrences are the Barberton belt in South Africa; the Sebakwian, Belingwean, and Bulawayan-Shamvaian belts of Zimbabwe; the Yellowknife belts in the Slave province of Canada; the Abitibi, Wawa, Wabigoon, ...
- Abitibi River
- river, northeastern Ontario, Canada. From its source in the shallow 359-square-mile (931-square-km) Abitibi Lake, lying across the Ontario-Quebec border, the river descends 868 feet (265 m) as it flows generally ... [2 Related Articles]
- Abitur
- (from the article "education") ...or national board of education (1787); and one of his colleagues, Friedrich Gedike, was instrumental in introducing the school-leaving examination for university entrance, the Abitur, which still exists.
- Abivard
- (from the article "Parthia") The earliest Parthian capital was probably at Dara (modern Abivard); one of the later capitals was Hecatompylos, probably near modern Damghan. The empire was governed by a small Parthian aristocracy, ...
- Abjuration, Act of
- (from the article "Netherlands, The") ...head and heart of the rebellion was recognized by Philip II in 1580, when he put him under the ban of outlawry. William's Apology in defense of his conduct was ...
- Abkhaz
- any member of a Caucasian people living chiefly in the Abkhazia republic in northwesternmost Georgia. The Bzyb Abkhaz, who have a distinct dialect, are found around the Bzyb River; the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Abkhaz language
- (from the article "Abaza language") ...or Northwest Caucasian, language group. These languages are noted for the great number of distinctive consonants and the limited number of distinctive vowels in their sound systems. Abaza, like Abkhaz, ...
- Abkhazia
- autonomous republic located in northwestern Georgia. Bordering the eastern shores of the Black Sea, Abkhazia consists of a narrow coastal lowland broken by mountain spurs, followed by a hilly foreland ... [4 Related Articles]
- Abkhazo-Adyghian languages
- group of languages spoken primarily in the northwestern part of the Caucasus Mountains. The languages of this group-Abkhaz, Abaza, Adyghian, Kabardian (Circassian), and the nearly extinct Ubykh-are noted for the ... [5 Related Articles]
- Ablai Khan
- (from the article "Central Asia, history of") ...divided into three "hordes," roamed between the Volga and the Irtysh. During the 16th and 17th centuries they fought Oyrats and Dzungars but succeeded in holding their own, and in ...
- ablation
- (from the article "cluster") ...jets that cool them and turn them into clusters. One especially popular and interesting method in which solids are vaporized is by the action of intense laser beams on solid ...
- ablation
- (from the article "glacier") The ice sheets lose material by several processes, including surface melting, evaporation, wind erosion (deflation), iceberg calving, and the melting of the bottom surfaces of floating ice shelves by warmer ...
- ablation layer
- (from the article "fusion reactor") ...consisting of several concentric spheres. The surface of the pellet is ionized by the driver beam, and ablation of the ionized material generates a large inward force on the pellet. ...
- ablation till
- (from the article "glacial landform") ...by some authors. On the other hand, the debris may be laid down more or less in place as the ice melts away around and beneath it. Such deposits are ...
- ablation zone
- (from the article "glacier") ...that is exposed at the surface by the loss of overlying snow. These zones are all parts of the accumulation area, in which the mass balance is always positive. Below ...
- ablative case
- (from the article "Armenian language") ...was close typologically to Greek, though the shapes of words were very, even surprisingly, different. The nominal and pronominal declension had seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, instrumental, and ...
- ablaut
- (from the article "Indo-European languages") The four mid vowels participated in a pattern of alternation called "ablaut." In the course of inflection and word formation roots and suffixes could appear in the "e-grade" (also called ...
- Ableman v. Booth
- (1859), case in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld both the constitutionality of the Fugitive Slave Act and the supremacy of the federal government over state governments. [1 Related Articles]
- Ablett, Gary
- Australian rules football player who was celebrated for taking the sport's "Mark of the Century" against Collingwood at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in 1994, in which he leaped over two ...
- Abloy lock
- (from the article "lock") ...example, employs the Yale principle but its key, instead of having a serrated edge, has flat sides marked with deep depressions into which four complete sets of pin-tumblers are pressed. ...
- ablution
- in religion, a prescribed washing of part or all of the body or of possessions, such as clothing or ceremonial objects, with the intent of purification or dedication. Water, or ... [1 Related Articles]
- ABN AMRO
- (from the article "Belgium") ...Sabena), began operating in March. At the end of May, the Belgo-Dutch bank, Fortis, joined the Royal Bank of Scotland and Spain's Banco Santander Central Hispano and made an offer ...
- Abner
- (from the article "Ishbosheth") Ishbosheth was proclaimed king of Israel by Abner, Saul's cousin and commander in chief, who then became the real power behind the throne. The House of Judah, however, followed David, ...
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