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Angus, Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of, Earl Of Morton ... Anne Arundel

Angus, Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of, Earl Of Morton: Scottish rebel during the reign of James VI and a strong advocate of Presbyterian government. He was son of the 7th earl, who was nephew of the 6th, and he ...
Angus, William Douglas, 10th Earl of: Scottish rebel and conspirator, a convert to Roman Catholicism during the reign of James VI.
Anhalt: former German state, which was a duchy from 1863 to 1918 and a Land (state) until 1945, when it was merged in Saxony-Anhalt. Saxony-Anhalt was a Land of the German ...
Anhava, Tuomas: Finnish poet and translator working within the modernist tradition of Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot.
Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.: American company that is one of the largest producers of beer in the world. It is headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri.
Anhwei: sheng (province) of China. It is one of the country's smallest provinces, covering an area of 54,000 square miles (139,900 square kilometres) and stretching for 400 miles ...
anhydride: any chemical compound obtained, either in practice or in principle, by the elimination of water from another compound. Examples of inorganic anhydrides are sulfur trioxide, SO₃, which is derived from ...
anhydrite: an important rock-forming mineral, anhydrous calcium sulfate (CaSO₄). It differs chemically from gypsum (to which it alters in humid conditions) by having no water of crystallization. Anhydrite occurs most often ...
ani: any of three species of big-billed, glossy black birds of the genus Crotophaga of the cuckoo family (Cuculidae), of tropical America. These insect eaters forage on the ground in close ...
Ani: ancient city site in extreme eastern Turkey. Ani lies east of Kars and along the Arpacay (Akhuryan) River, which forms the border with Armenia to the east.
Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve: large wilderness area in southwestern Alaska, U.S., on the southern shore of the Alaska Peninsula, about 450 miles (720 km) south of Anchorage. Proclaimed a national monument in 1978, the ...
anicca: in Buddhism, the doctrine of impermanence, one of the basic characteristics of all existence. Anicca, anatta (the absence of a self), and dukkha ("suffering") together make up the ti-lakkhana, or ...
Anicetus, Saint: pope from approximately 155 to approximately 166.
aniconism: in religion, opposition to the use of icons or visual images to depict living creatures or religious figures. Such opposition is particularly relevant to the Jewish, Islamic, and Byzantine artistic ...
Anielewicz, Mordecai: hero and principal leader of armed Jewish resistance in the Warsaw ghetto during World War II.
Aniene River: major tributary of the Tiber (Tevere) River in central Italy. It rises from two springs in the Simbruini Mountains near Subiaco, southeast of Rome, flows through a narrow valley past ...
Aniliidae: family of harmless burrowing snakes, composed of three genera and more than 10 species with primitive features such as a vestigial pelvic girdle, an external claw on each side of ...
aniline: an organic base used to make dyes, drugs, explosives, plastics, and photographic and rubber chemicals.
animal: (kingdom Animalia), any of a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms (i.e., as distinct from bacteria, their deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is contained in a membrane-bound nucleus). They ...
animal: any member of the kingdom Animalia, a group of multicellular organisms that are thought to have evolved independently from the unicellular eukaryotes. Animals differ from members of the two other ...
animal behaviour: any activity of an intact organism.
animal breeding: controlled propagation of domestic animals. Its aim is the improvement of qualities considered desirable by humans. Breeding procedures involve the application of several basic sciences, chiefly reproductive physiology, genetics, and ...
animal communication: the transmission of information from one animal to another by means of sound, visible sign or behaviour, taste or odour, electrical impulse, touch, or a combination of these mediums. In ...
animal development: the processes that lead eventually to the formation of a new animal starting from cells derived from one or more parent individuals. Development thus occurs following the process by which ...
animal disease: an impairment of the normal state of an animal that interrupts or modifies its vital functions.
animal interlace: in calligraphy, rich, fanciful decorative motif characteristic of work by the Hiberno-Saxon book artists of the early Middle Ages in the British Isles. Its intertwined, fantastic animal and bird forms ...
animal learning: the alternation of behaviour as a result of individual experience. When an organism can perceive and change its behaviour, it is said to learn.
animal magnetism: a presumed intangible or mysterious force that is said to influence human beings. The term was used by the German physician Franz Anton Mesmer to explain the hypnotic procedure that ...
animal rights: rights said to belong to some of the higher nonhuman animals-or, in some views, to all nonhuman animals-by virtue of their cognitive abilities or their capacity to feel pleasure and ...
animal worship: veneration of an animal, usually because of its connection with a particular deity. The term was used by Western religionists in a pejorative manner and by ancient Greek and Roman ...
animals, master of the: supernatural figure regarded as the protector of game in the traditions of early hunting peoples. The name was actually devised by Western scholars who have studied such hunting societies. In ...
Animals, the: five-piece rock group from northeastern England whose driving sound influenced Bob Dylan's decision, in 1965, to begin working with musicians playing electric instruments. The principal members were Eric Burdon (b. ...
animation: the art of making inanimate objects appear to move. Animation is an artistic impulse that long predates the movies. History's first recorded animator is Pygmalion of Greek and Roman mythology, ...
Animikie Series: division of Precambrian rocks and time in North America (the Precambrian occurred from 3.96 billion to 540 million years ago). The Animikie Series, the uppermost division of the Huronian System, ...
Animuccia, Giovanni: Italian composer who contributed to the development of the oratorio.
anion: atom or group of atoms carrying a negative electric charge. See ion.
anise: (Pimpinella anisum), annual herb of the parsley family (Apiaceae, or Umbelliferae), cultivated chiefly for its fruits, called aniseed, the flavour of which resembles that of licorice. The plant, up to ...
Anisian Stage: lowermost of two divisions of the Middle Triassic Series, representing those rocks deposited worldwide during Anisian time (242 million to 234 million years ago) in the Triassic Period. The stage ...
anisometric verse: poetic verse that does not have equal or corresponding poetic metres. An anisometric stanza is composed of lines of unequal metrical length, as in William Wordsworth's "Ode: Intimations of Immortality," ...
anisotropy: in physics, the quality of exhibiting properties with different values when measured along axes in different directions. Anisotropy is most easily observed in single crystals of solid elements or compounds, ...
Anius: in Greek mythology, the son of the god Apollo and of Rhoeo, who was herself a descendant of the god Dionysus. Rhoeo, when pregnant, had been placed in a chest ...
Anjala League: (1788-89), a conspiracy of Swedish and Finnish army officers that undermined the Swedish war effort in the Russo-Swedish War of 1788-90. Shortly after the outbreak of war, 113 officers in ...
Anjo: city, Aichi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, in the middle of the Hekkai Terrace. Irrigation was introduced into the area in the late 19th century, permitting cultivation of two crops of ...
Anjou: historical and cultural region encompassing the western French departement of Maine-et-Loire and coextensive with the former province of Anjou. The former province of Anjou also encompassed the regions of La ...
Anjou, Francois, Duke d': fourth and youngest son of Henry II of France and Catherine de Medicis; his three brothers-Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III-were kings of France. But for his early death ...
Ankara: capital of Turkey, in the northwestern part of the country. It lies about 125 miles (200 km) south of the Black Sea, near the confluence of the Hatip, Ince Su, ...
Ankara, Battle of: (July 20, 1402), military confrontation in which forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I were defeated by those of the Central Asian ruler Timur (Tamerlane) and which resulted in the ...
Ankara, Treaty of: (Oct. 20, 1921), pact between the government of France and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey at Ankara, signed by the French diplomat Henri Franklin-Bouillon and Yusuf Kemal Bey, the ...
Ankaratra: volcanic mountainous region in central Madagascar (Malagasy), covering an area of approximately 2,000 square miles (5,200 square km) and rising to 8,671 feet (2,643 m) in Mount Tsiafajavona, the nation's ...
ankh: ancient Egyptian hieroglyph signifying "life," a cross surmounted by a loop and known in Latin as a crux ansata (ansate, or handle-shaped, cross). It is found in ancient tomb inscriptions, ...
Ankhesenamen: queen of Egypt (reigned 1332-1322 BC), who attempted a diplomatic coup after her husband Tutankhamen's death.
ankle: in humans, hinge-type, freely moving synovial joint between the foot and leg. The ankle contains seven tarsal bones that articulate (connect) with each other, with the metatarsal bones of the ...
anklet: in jewelry, bracelet worn around the ankle. Ornamental anklets have been worn for centuries, particularly in the East. Jewelry found in Persia and dating from the end of the 2nd ...
Ankobra: river in southern Ghana, western Africa. Rising northeast of Wiawso, it flows about 120 miles (190 km) south to the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic) just west of Axim, commercial centre ...
Ankylosaurus: armoured ornithischian dinosaurs that lived 70 million to 65 million years ago in North America during the Late Cretaceous Period. Ankylosaurus is a genus belonging to a larger group (infraorder ...
Ann Arbor: city, seat (1827) of Washtenaw county, southeastern Michigan, U.S., on the Huron River. John Allen and Elisha W. Rumsey founded the community in 1824, which they named for their wives ...
Ann, Cape: cape on the Atlantic Ocean comprising the eastern extremity of Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S., 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Boston. Sheltering Ipswich Bay, it is indented by Annisquam ...
Anna: regent of Russia (November 1740-November 1741) for her son, the emperor Ivan VI.
Anna: empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740.
Anna Comnena: Byzantine historian and daughter of the emperor Alexius I Comnenus. She is remembered for her Alexiad, a history of the life and reign of her father, which ...
Annaba: town and Mediterranean port, northeastern Algeria. It lies near the mouth of the Wadi Seybouse, close to the Tunisian border. Its location on a natural harbour (Annaba Gulf) between Capes ...
Annaberg-Buchholz: town, Saxony Land (state), east-central Germany. It lies high in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge), near the Czech border. The town was formed in 1945 by the union ...
annabergite: hydrated nickel arsenate mineral that is very similar to erythrite (q.v.).
annalist: any of the Roman historians prior to Livy (1st century BC-1st century AD) who drew up the conventional history of Rome from the foundation of the city. For their sources ...
Annam: French-governed Vietnam or, more strictly, its central region, known in precolonial times as Trung Ky (Central Administrative Division). The term Annam (Chinese: "Pacified South") was never officially used by the ...
Annamese Cordillera: principal mountain range of Indochina and the watershed between the Mekong River and the South China Sea. It extends parallel to the coast in a gentle curve generally northwest-southeast, forming ...
Annan, Kofi: Ghanaian international civil servant who in 1997 became the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations (UN). He was the corecipient, with the United Nations, of the Nobel Prize for Peace ...
Annapolis: capital of the U.S. state of Maryland and seat of Anne Arundel county. The city lies along the Severn River at its mouth on Chesapeake Bay, 27 miles (43 km) ...
Annapolis Convention: in U.S. history, regional meeting at Annapolis, Md., in September 1786; it was an important rallying point in the movement toward a federal convention to revise the inadequate Articles of ...
Annapolis Royal: town, seat of Annapolis county, southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada. The town lies at the mouth of the Annapolis River where it enters Annapolis Basin (an arm of the Bay of ...
Annapurna: massif of the Himalayas in north-central Nepal, forming a ridge 30 miles (48 km) long between the basins of the Kali Gandak and Marsyandi rivers. It contains four main summits, ...
annates: a tax on the first year's income (first fruits) from an ecclesiastical benefice given by a new incumbent either to the bishop or to the pope. The first mention of ...
annatto: (Bixa orellana), tree native to the New World tropics and the only species of the family Bixaceae. Annatto grows up to 9 m (30 feet) tall and has rose-pink flowers ...
Anne: queen of Great Britain from 1702 to 1714. The last Stuart monarch, she wished to rule independently, but her intellectual limitations and chronic ill health caused her to rely heavily ...
Anne and Joachim, Saints: the parents of the Virgin Mary, according to tradition derived from certain apocryphal writings. Information concerning their lives and names is found in the 2nd-century-AD Protevangelium of James ("First Gospel ...
Anne Arundel: county, central Maryland, U.S. It is bounded by the Patapsco River to the north, Chesapeake Bay to the east, and the Patuxent River to the west and is linked across ...