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angelica ... Angus, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of

angelica: large genus of aromatic herbs of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). The roots and fruit of the Eurasian species, Angelica archangelica (see ), yield angelica oil used to flavour liqueurs and ...
angelica: sweet, fortified dessert wine said to have originated near Los Angeles, for which it is named. Angelica is one of the oldest California wines; it was probably originally made from ...
angelica tree: (species Aralia spinosa), prickly-stemmed shrub or tree, of the ginseng family (Araliaceae), that can reach a height of 15 m (about 50 feet). Its leaves are large, with leaflets arranged ...
Angelico, Fra: Italian painter, one of the greatest 15th-century painters, whose works, within the framework of the early Renaissance Florentine style, embody a serene religious attitude and reflect a strong classical influence. ...
Angell, James Burrill: educator and diplomat who elevated the University of Michigan to academic prominence during his 38 years as its president.
Angell, James Rowland: psychologist and university president who rebuilt and reorganized Yale University in the 1920s and '30s.
Angell, Sir Norman: English economist and worker for international peace, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1933.
Angelo State University: public, coeducational institution of higher education located in San Angelo, Texas, U.S. Angelo State is a regional university serving western Texas. It offers bachelor's degrees through the school of education ...
Angelou, Maya: black American poet whose several volumes of autobiography explore the themes of economic, racial, and sexual oppression.
Angelus family: family that produced three Byzantine emperors-Isaac II, Alexius III, and Alexius IV Angelus. The Angelus family was of no particular significance until the 12th century, when Theodora, youngest daughter of ...
Angelus Silesius: religious poet remembered primarily as the author of Der Cherubinischer Wandersmann (1674; "The Cherubic Wanderer"), a major work of Roman Catholic mysticism.
Anger, Kenneth: American independent filmmaker and author.
Angerman River: river in the lan (counties) of Vasterbotten and Vasternorrland, northern Sweden. It rises in Swedish Lapland near the Norwegian border and flows in a winding course for 280 miles (450 ...
Angermanland: landskap (province) in northeastern Sweden. It is bounded on the east by the Gulf of Bothnia, on the south and west by the landskap (provinces) of Medelpad and Jamtland, and ...
Angers: city, capital of Maine-et-Loire departement, Pays de la Loire region, western France. Angers is the former capital of Anjou and lies along the Maine River 5 miles (8 km) above ...
Angevin empire: the territories, extending in the latter part of the 12th century from Scotland to the Pyrenees, that were ruled by the English king Henry II and his immediate successors, Richard ...
Angilbert: Frankish poet and prelate at the court of Charlemagne.
angina pectoris: spasm of pain in the chest, usually brought on by exertion in persons who have diseased coronary arteries. A deep, viselike pain is felt beneath the breastbone and over the ...
angiocardiography: method of following the passage of blood through the heart and great vessels by means of the intravenous injection of a radiopaque fluid, whose passage is followed by serialized X-ray ...
angioedema: allergic disorder in which large, localized, painless swellings similar to hives appear under the skin. The swelling is caused by massive accumulation of fluid (edema) following exposure to an allergen ...
angiography: radiographic examination of arteries and veins, one of the procedures of diagnostic imaging. These structures cannot be differentiated from the surrounding organs in conventional radiography. It is therefore necessary to ...
Angiolieri, Cecco: poet who is considered by some the first master of Italian comic verse.
Angiolini, Gasparo: Italian choreographer and composer who was among the first to integrate dance, music, and plot in dramatic ballets.
angioma: congenital mass of blood vessels that intrudes into bone or other tissues, causing loss of tissue and, in the case of bone, structural weakening. Angiomas may occur in any bone ...
angiosperm: any member of the more than 250,000 species of flowering plants (division Magnoliophyta), the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae. Angiosperms represent approximately 80 percent of all ...
Angkor: archaeological site in what is now northwestern Cambodia, just 4 miles (6 km) north of the modern town of Siemreab. It was the capital of the Khmer (Cambodian) empire from ...
Angle: member of a Germanic people, which, together with the Jutes and Saxons, invaded England in the 5th century AD. The Angles gave their name to England, as well as to ...
anglerfish: any of about 210 species of marine fishes of the order Lophiiformes. Anglers are named for their method of "fishing" for their prey. The foremost spine of the dorsal fin ...
Anglesey, Isle of: county, northwestern Wales, separated from the North Wales mainland by the Menai Strait. The county encompasses Anglesey island-the largest island in England and Wales, with an area of 261 square ...
anglesite: naturally occurring lead sulfate (PbSO₄). A common secondary mineral that is a minor ore of lead, it is usually formed by the oxidation of galena and often forms a concentrically ...
Angleterre: bobbin lace comparable to fine Brussels lace in thread, technique, and design; but whether it was made in England or Brussels or both is debatable. To encourage home industries, both ...
Anglican chant: simple harmonized setting of a melodic formula devised for singing prose versions of the psalms and canticles in the Anglican Church. The formula is made up of a reciting tone ...
Anglican Church of Australia: independent Australian church within the Anglican Communion. It developed from the churches established by the English settlers in Australia in the 18th century. The first settlers, convicts sent from England ...
Anglican Communion: religious body of national, independent, and autonomous churches throughout the world that adheres to the teachings of Anglicanism and that evolved from the Church of England. The Anglican Communion is ...
Anglican Evangelical: one who emphasizes biblical faith, personal conversion, piety, and, in general, the Protestant rather than the Catholic heritage of the Anglican Communion. Such persons have also been referred to as ...
Anglican religious community: any of various religious communities for men and for women that first began developing within the Anglican Communion in the 19th century. Although monastic communities were numerous in the pre-Reformation ...
Anglicanism: one of the major branches of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation and a form of Christianity that includes features of both Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. Anglicanism is loosely organized in the ...
Anglin, Margaret: one of the most brilliant actresses of her day, equally effective in Greek tragedies, Shakespearean plays, and contemporary dramas.
Anglo-Afghan Wars: (1839-42; 1878-80; 1919), three conflicts in which Great Britain, from its base in India, sought to extend its control over neighbouring Afghanistan and to oppose Russian influence there. The first ...
Anglo-America: cultural entity of North America whose common spoken language is English and whose folkways and customs historically have been those of northern Europe. It comprises most of the United States ...
Anglo-Burmese Wars: (1824-26, 1852, 1885), three conflicts that collectively forced Burma (now Myanmar) into a vulnerable position from which it had to concede British hegemony in the region of the Bay of ...
Anglo-Catholicism: movement that emphasizes the Catholic rather than the Protestant heritage of the Anglican Communion. It was an outgrowth of the 19th-century Oxford Movement (q.v.), which sought to renew Catholic thought ...
Anglo-Dutch Wars: (English Wars), the four 17th- and 18th-century naval conflicts between England and the Dutch Republic. The first three wars, stemming from commercial rivalry, established England's naval might, and the last, ...
Anglo-Egyptian Condominium: the joint British and Egyptian government that ruled the eastern Sudan from 1899 to 1955. It was established by the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreements of Jan. 19 and July 10, 1899, ...
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty: (Aug. 26, 1936), treaty, signed at Montreux, Switz., in May 1937, establishing Egypt as a sovereign state after 50 years of British occupation. The 20-year military alliance allowed Great Britain ...
Anglo-Japanese Alliance: (1902-23), alliance that bound Britain and Japan to assist one another in safeguarding their respective interests in China and Korea. Directed against Russian expansionism in the Far East, it was ...
Anglo-Norman literature: body of writings in the Old French language as used in medieval England. Though this dialect had been introduced to English court circles in Edward the Confessor's time, its history ...
Anglo-Saxon: any member of the Germanic peoples that inhabited and ruled England from the 5th century AD to the time of the Norman Conquest (1066). According to the Venerable Bede, the ...
Anglo-Saxon art: manuscript illumination and architecture produced in Britain from about the 7th century to the Norman Conquest of 1066. Anglo-Saxon art may be divided into two distinct periods, one before and ...
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: chronological account of events in Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, a compilation of seven surviving interrelated manuscript records that is the primary source for the early history of England. The narrative ...
Anglo-Saxon law: the body of legal principles that prevailed in England from the 6th century until the Norman Conquest (1066). In conjunction with Scandinavian law and the so-called barbarian laws (leges barbarorum) ...
Ango, Jean: French shipowner who, succeeding to his father's import-export business, eventually controlled, by himself or in association with others, a fleet of 70 ships.
Angol: capital of Malleco provincia, Araucania region, southern Chile. Angol is situated on the Rehue River near its confluence with the Malleco River, in the southern portion of the fertile Central ...
Angola: country located in southwestern Africa between latitudes 4°22' and 18°03' S and longitudes 11°41' and 24°05' E. Roughly square in shape, with a maximum width of about 800 miles (1,300 ...
Angola, history of: history of the area from prehistoric and ancient times to the present.
Angora goat: breed of domestic goat originating in ancient times in the district of Angora in Asia Minor. The goat's silky coat yields the mohair of commerce. The Angora had been widely ...
Angouleme: city, capital of Charente departement, Poitou-Charente region, former capital of Angoumois, southwestern France. It lies on a high plateau above the junction of the ...
Angouleme Dynasty: (reigned 1515-74), a branch of the Valois dynasty (q.v.) in France.
Angouleme, Charles de Valois, duc d': illegitimate son of King Charles IX of France and Marie Touchet, chiefly remembered for his intrigues against King Henry IV and for his later military exploits, particularly as commander at ...
Angouleme, Louis-Antoine de Bourbon, duc d': last dauphin of France and a prominent figure in the restoration of the Bourbon line after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814.
Angoumois: former province of France, nearly corresponding to the modern departement of Charente, that represented the possessions of the counts of Angouleme from the 10th to the 12th century. Long part ...
Angra do Heroismo: city on the south coast of Terceira, an island of the Portuguese Azores archipelago in the North Atlantic. It lies at the base of Mount Brasil. Angra became a city ...
Angra dos Reis: city, southwestern Rio de Janeiro estado ("state"), eastern Brazil. It lies on Ilha Grande Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic. The city's income derives from its port operations, a sizable ...
Angren: city, eastern Uzbekistan. It lies on the left bank of the Ohangaron River, 70 miles (115 km) east of Tashkent. The centre of the Uzbekistan coal industry, it was created ...
Angry Young Men: various British novelists and playwrights who emerged in the 1950s and expressed scorn and disaffection with the established sociopolitical order of their country. Their impatience and resentment were especially aroused ...
angstrom: unit of length used chiefly in measuring wavelengths of light, equal to 10⁻¹⁰ metre, or 0.1 nanometer. It is named for the 19th-century Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Angstrom. The angstrom ...
Angstrom, Anders Jonas: Swedish physicist, a founder of spectroscopy for whom the angstrom, a unit of length equal to 10^-10 metre, was named.
Anguier, Francois; and Anguier, Michel-Andre: French sculptors who produced decorations for tombs, churches, palaces, and public monuments.
Anguilla: island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, a dependent territory of the United Kingdom. It lies about 60 miles (100 km) northwest of Saint Kitts and is the most northerly of ...
anguilliform: any of the bony fishes that contains more than 500 species of eel (q.v.).
angular harp: musical instrument in which the neck forms a clear angle with the resonator, or belly; it is one of the principal varieties of the harp. The earliest-known depictions of angular ...
angular momentum: property characterizing the rotary inertia of an object or system of objects in motion about an axis that may or may not pass through the object or system. The Earth ...
angular velocity: time rate at which an object rotates, or revolves, about an axis, or at which the angular displacement between two bodies changes. In the , this displacement is represented by ...
Angus: council area and historic county in eastern Scotland, bounded on the east by the North Sea and on the south by the Firth of Tay. The council area lies entirely ...
Angus: breed of black, polled beef cattle, for many years known as Aberdeen Angus, originating in northeastern Scotland. Its ancestry is obscure, though the breed appears closely related to the curly-coated ...
Angus, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of: powerful Scottish lord during the reigns of King James V and Mary, Queen of Scots. He was the grandson of the 5th earl, Archibald Douglas (c. 1449-c. 1514).