| | - Albarno, Montreal d'
- (from the article "condottiere") ...terrorized the country, devastating Romagna, Umbria, and Tuscany. It was one of the first to have a formal organization and a strict code of discipline, developed by the Provencal adventurer ...
- Albatros
- (from the article "tactical weapons system") ...crew to operate the tank, its radar-controlled firing system, and twin 35-millimetre guns that fire at the rate of 1,100 rounds per minute. Shipboard systems are essentially similar. The Italian ...
- albatross
- any of more than a dozen species of large seabirds that collectively make up the family Diomedeidae (order Procellariiformes). Because of their tameness on land, many albatrosses are known by ... [6 Related Articles]
- Albatross Plateau
- (from the article "oceanic plateau") ...were named early in the 20th century prior to the invention of sonic sounding, and many of these features have been shown by modern bathymetric data to be portions of ...
- Albatrossaster richardi
- (from the article "sea star") ...marginal plates and therefore tend to be rigid. Members of the order have suction-tube feet; the anus may be lacking. Most of the deep-sea sea stars belong to this order, ...
- Albazino
- (from the article "Kangxi") ...the Kangxi emperor next turned to face his enemies in the north. The Russians in Siberia, who had reached the Amur River valley in the mid-17th century, had been expelled ...
- albedo
- fraction of light that is reflected by a body or surface. It is commonly used in astronomy to describe the reflective properties of planets, satellites, and asteroids. [16 Related Articles]
- Albee, Edward
- American dramatist and theatrical producer best-known for his play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), which displays slashing insight and witty dialogue in its gruesome portrayal of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Albee, Edward Franklin
- theatrical manager who, as the general manager of the Keith-Albee theatre circuit, was the most influential person in vaudeville in the United States. A circus ticket seller when he joined ...
- Albeluvisol
- one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Albeluvisols are characterized by a subsurface layer of brownish clay into which "tongues" ...
- Albemarle Sound
- shallow coastal inlet of northeastern North Carolina, U.S. Protected from the Atlantic Ocean by the Outer Banks, it extends (east-west) for about 50 miles (80 km) and varies in width ...
- Albeniz, Isaac
- composer and virtuoso pianist, a leader of the Spanish nationalist school of musicians. [1 Related Articles]
- Alberdi, Juan Bautista
- Argentine political thinker whose writings influenced the assembly that drew up the constitution of 1853.
- Alberg, Kim Michael
- (from the article "Literature") Danish novelists also explored different settings and time frames in their works. Kim Michael Alberg delved into Thailand's drug trade and crime and punishment in his suspense story Smilenes land. ...
- Albergati, Niccolo
- (from the article "Nicholas V") ...Florentine families, and this contact with the early Renaissance coloured all his life. After returning to the university and completing his studies, at the age of 22 he entered the ...
- Alberger process
- (from the article "salt") The Alberger process is partially a vacuum-pan and partially a grainer operation in which cubic crystals are formed in the solution fed to the grainer pans by a partial vacuum-pan ...
- Alberic de Trois-Fontaines
- (from the article "Prester John") A 13th-century chronicler, Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, recorded that in 1165, a letter was sent by Prester John to several European rulers, especially Manuel I Comnenus, the Byzantine emperor, and Frederick ...
- Alberic I
- (from the article "Italy") ...semiautonomous under their marquesses; so was the Rome of John X (pope 1914-18) and of the powerful senator Marozia and her son, the princeps (prince) Alberic, who ...
- Alberic II
- (from the article "Odo of Cluny, Saint") Most of these monasteries were located in southern France or Italy, where Odo had particularly close personal ties with local magnates. He played the role of peacemaker between Alberic II, ...
- Alberigo da Romano
- (from the article "Italy") ...Frederick seemed more a pawn of the emerging forces in northern Italy than a restorer of the ideal of empire. The new forces were represented above all by two tyrants, ...
- Alberoni, Giulio
- statesman who as de facto premier of Spain (1716-19) played a major role in the revival of that nation after the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14). [4 Related Articles]
- Albers, Anni
- (from the article "tapestry") ...theory that the technology of the craft should be revealed in the work and in expressing the nature of the materials used, especially by the exploitation of heavy fibres as ...
- Albers, Josef
- painter, poet, sculptor, teacher, and theoretician of art, important as an innovator of such styles as Colour Field painting and Op art. [2 Related Articles]
- Albert
- antipope in 1101. He was cardinal bishop of Silva Candida when elected early in 1101 as successor to the antipope Theodoric of Santa Ruffina, who had been set up against ...
- Albert
- prince of Monaco (1889-1922), seaman, amateur oceanographer, and patron of the sciences, whose contributions to the development of oceanography included innovations in oceanographic equipment and technique and the founding and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Albert
- king of Saxony from Oct. 29, 1873, Catholic king of a Protestant country who was nonetheless popular with his subjects. He also was a capable soldier who fought well in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Albert
- last grand master of the Teutonic Knights from 1510 to 1525, first duke of Prussia (from 1525), a Protestant German ruler known chiefly for ending the Teutonic Knights' government of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Albert
- margrave of Brandenburg, cardinal, and elector of Mainz, a liberal patron of the arts known chiefly as the object of the reformer Martin Luther's attacks concerning the sale of indulgences. [4 Related Articles]
- Albert Canal
- waterway connecting the cities of Antwerp and Liege in Belgium. The Albert Canal is about 130 km (80 miles) long. As completed in 1939, it had a minimum bottom width ... [2 Related Articles]
- Albert I
- king of the Belgians (1909-34), who led the Belgian army during World War I and guided his country's postwar recovery. [1 Related Articles]
- Albert I
- the first margrave of Brandenburg and founder of the Ascanian dynasties. He was one of the main leaders of 12th-century German expansion into eastern Europe. [6 Related Articles]
- Albert I
- duke of Austria and German king from 1298 to 1308 who repressed private war, befriended the serfs, and protected the persecuted Jews. [6 Related Articles]
- Albert I of Livonia
- (from the article "Brothers of the Sword, Order of the") ...Lubeck and Bremen acquired commercial interests in the lands around the mouth of the Dvina River (mid-12th century), German missionaries entered the region. In 1202 the third bishop of Livonia, ...
- Albert II
- (from the article "coin") In Austria there was a ducal silver coinage in the 11th century. It remained crude until the 14th century, when Albert II (1330-58) introduced a gold florin of Florentine character. ...
- Albert II
- German king from 1438, king (Albert) of Hungary, king (Albrecht) of Bohemia, and duke (Albrecht) of Luxembourg. As a member of the Habsburg dynasty he was archduke (Albert V) of ... [5 Related Articles]
- Albert II
- king of the Belgians from 1993. [7 Related Articles]
- Albert II Alcibiades
- margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, member of the Franconian branch of the Hohenzollern family, and a soldier of fortune in the wars between the Habsburgs and the Valois dynasty of France. [3 Related Articles]
- Albert II, prince de Monaco
- 32nd hereditary ruler of the principality of Monaco (2005- ). He was the only son of Rainier III, prince de Monaco, and Grace Kelly (Princess Grace de Monaco), a former ... [4 Related Articles]
- Albert III
- (from the article "Nafels, Battle of") ...the rebellious men of Glarus, a district that had adhered to the confederacy in 1352 but had been restored to the Habsburgs in 1355. After the expiration of the truce ...
- Albert III
- duke of Saxony, founder of the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin, and marshal of the Holy Roman Empire.
- Albert III Achilles
- elector of Brandenburg, soldier, and administrative innovator who established the principle by which the mark of Brandenburg was to pass intact to the eldest son. [1 Related Articles]
- Albert IV
- (from the article "Habsburg, House of") ...and landgrave of Upper Alsace. Rudolf II of Habsburg (died 1232) acquired Laufenburg and the "Waldstatte" (Schwyz, Uri, Unterwalden, and Lucerne), but on his death his sons Albert IV and ...
- Albert IV
- (from the article "Austria") After the short rule of Albert IV (1395-1404) and a troublesome tutelary regime (1404-11), Albert V came into his own, and with him the Danube countries again enjoyed a strong ...
- Albert IV the Wise
- (from the article "Bavaria") A consolidation began when Duke Albert IV (the Wise) of Bavaria-Munich (reigned 1467-1508) established in 1506 the principle of primogeniture in Bavaria. Albert also made Munich the capital of his ...
- Albert l'Ouvrier
- French worker who became the workers' representative in the provisional government and National Assembly of 1848; he was the first industrial workingman to enter a government in France.
- Albert Lea
- city, seat of Freeborn county, southern Minnesota, U.S. It lies about 90 miles (145 km) south of Minneapolis, just north of the Iowa state line. The city is situated on ...
- Albert Memorial
- monument in Kensington Gardens, in the Greater London borough of Westminster. It stands near the southern boundary of the park, between Alexandra Gate and Queen's Gate, just north of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Albert Memorial Chapel
- (from the article "Windsor Castle") ...and contains the bodies of Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Charles I, Edward VII, and George V. The chapel also contains the impressive insignia of the ...
- Albert Nile
- the upper Nile River in northwestern Uganda, eastern Africa, issuing from the north end of Lake Albert (Mobutu), just north of the mouth of the Victoria Nile. It flows 130 ... [3 Related Articles]
- Albert of Aix
- canon of the church of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) and historian of the First Crusade. He gathered oral and written testaments of participants in the Crusade and provided a chronicle on the ...
- Albert of Mecklenburg
- (from the article "Margaret I") Haakon's aspirations to become king of Sweden were thwarted when he and his father were defeated soon afterward by Albert of Mecklenburg, who bore the Swedish crown from 1364 to ...
- Albert Of Saxony
- German scholastic philosopher especially noted for his investigations into physics. [3 Related Articles]
- Albert V
- (from the article "museums, history of") ...that included Benin ivories and Chinese paintings at Ambras Castle near Innsbruck. Other notable central European collections included those of the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf II at Prague and of ...
- Albert VII
- cardinal archduke of Austria who as governor and sovereign prince of the Low Countries (1598-1621) ruled the Spanish Netherlands jointly with his wife, Isabella, infanta of Spain. [4 Related Articles]
- Albert's lyrebird
- (from the article "lyrebird") Albert's lyrebird (M. alberti) is a much less showy bird than the superb lyrebird, but an equally good mimic. It is rarely seen because its range is restricted to deep ...
- Albert, Archduke
- able field marshal who distinguished himself in the suppression of the Italian Revolution of 1848 and in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and whose reforms turned the Austrian Army into a ...
- Albert, Carl Bert
- American politician (b. May 10, 1908, McAlester, Okla.-d. Feb. 4, 2000, McAlester), served as speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1971 to 1976. He twice stood briefly next ...
- Albert, Eddie
- American actor (b. April 22, 1906, Rock Island, Ill.-d. May 26, 2005, Pacific Palisades, Calif.), was best remembered for his starring role as Oliver Wendell Douglas, a lawyer intent on ...
- Albert, Eugen d'
- naturalized German composer and piano virtuoso best remembered for his opera Tiefland (1903) and his arrangements and transcriptions of the music of Johann Sebastian Bach.
- Albert, Eugene
- (from the article "clarinet") The simple, or Albert, system, named for its Brussels maker, Eugene Albert, is a modernization of the earlier 13-key system of the clarinetist-builder Iwan Muller. It is used in German-speaking ...
- Albert, Heinrich
- German composer of a famous and popular collection of 170 songs, the most representative examples of German solo song from the early Baroque period. [1 Related Articles]
- Albert, Lake
- northernmost of the lakes in the Western Rift Valley, in east-central Africa, on the border between Congo (Kinshasa) and Uganda. In 1864 the lake was first visited by a European, ... [9 Related Articles]
- Albert, Prince Consort of Great Britain and Ireland
- the prince consort of Queen Victoria of Great Britain and father of King Edward VII. Although Albert himself was undeservedly unpopular, the domestic happiness of the royal couple was well ... [9 Related Articles]
- Albert, Saint
- (from the article "Carmelite") ...apparently former pilgrims and crusaders, established themselves near the traditional fountain of Elijah, an Old Testament prophet, about 1155. Their rule was written between 1206 and 1214 by St. Albert, ...
- Albert, Wilhelm
- (from the article "cable") The first successful stranded iron wire rope was developed in 1831-34 by Wilhelm Albert, a mining official of Clausthal in the Harz Mountains in Saxony. Even when first tried for ...
- Alberta
- most westerly of Canada's three Prairie Provinces, occupying the continental interior of the western part of the country. To the north the 60th parallel (latitude 60° N) forms its boundary ... [11 Related Articles]
- Alberta Basin
- large, petroleum-rich sedimentary basin along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains in western Canada. It extends from British Columbia through Alberta and Saskatchewan into Manitoba. The basin was formed ...
- Alberta Plain
- (from the article "Canada") To the west of the Manitoba lowland, the land rises in two steps: the Saskatchewan plain, which ranges from 1,500 to 2,100 feet (450 to 650 metres), and the Alberta ...
- Alberta, flag of
- Canadian provincial flag consisting of a blue field (background) with the provincial coat of arms in the centre. The crest includes (from bottom to top) the typical wheat fields of ...
- Alberti bass
- (from the article "Alberti, Domenico") Venetian composer whose harpsichord sonatas depend heavily on an accompaniment pattern of broken, or arpeggiated, chords known as the Alberti bass.
- Alberti Family
- wealthy Florentine merchant banking family that was influential in European politics in the second half of the 14th century and notable for its patronage of the arts and beneficence toward ...
- Alberti, Antonio
- (from the article "Alberti Family") Engaged also in struggles against the Albizzi was Antonio (1358-1415), who was prior (1384) and a leading patron of the arts. He maintained the Villa del Paradiso as a centre ...
- Alberti, Benedetto
- (from the article "Alberti Family") Under the leadership of Benedetto (d. 1388), the Alberti sought to check the steadily growing ascendancy of the rival Albizzi family. A Guelf leader, Benedetto encouraged and participated in a ...
- Alberti, Domenico
- Venetian composer whose harpsichord sonatas depend heavily on an accompaniment pattern of broken, or arpeggiated, chords known as the Alberti bass.
- Alberti, Friedrich August von
- (from the article "geochronology") ...part of his third temporal subdivision, the Flotzgebirge, were subsequently subdivided into three formations, each having fairly widespread exposure and distribution. Based on his earlier work, Friedrich August von Alberti ...
- Alberti, Guido
- (from the article "Strega Prize") Italian literary award established in 1947 by writers Goffredo and Maria Bellonci and the manufacturer of Strega liquor, Guido Alberti. It is presented to the author of the outstanding Italian ...
- Alberti, Leon Battista
- Italian humanist, architect, and principal initiator of Renaissance art theory. In his personality, works, and breadth of learning, he is considered the prototype of the Renaissance "universal man." [21 Related Articles]
- Alberti, Niccolo di Iacopo di
- (from the article "Alberti Family") The ascendancy of the Alberti family began with Niccolo di Iacopo di Alberti (d. 1377), whose immense success at directing a branch of the family's bank at Avignon, Fr., then ...
- Alberti, Rafael
- Spanish writer of Italian Irish ancestry, regarded as one of the major Spanish poets of the 20th century. [4 Related Articles]
- Albertina Graphics Collection
- compilation of graphic arts in the Hofburg, or Imperial Palace, of Vienna, Austria. It is important for its comprehensive collection of prints, drawings, sketchbooks, and miniatures assembled in the 18th ... [1 Related Articles]
- Albertine duchies
- (from the article "Wettin Dynasty") Of major importance was the division of the Wettin dynasty into Ernestine and Albertine lines in 1485. The Albertines secured the electorate of Saxony from the Ernestines in 1547. The ...
- Albertinelli, Mariotto
- painter associated with Fra Bartolommeo, and an artist whose style upheld the principles of the High Renaissance in Florence a decade after its leading exponents had moved to Rome.
- Albertini, Luigi
- Italian journalist, an early and outspoken opponent of Fascism, who made the Corriere della sera (in Milan) one of the most respected and widely read daily newspapers in Europe.
- Albertinum
- museum in Dresden, Ger., displaying fine art and national treasures. It is one of several institutions associated with the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden.
- Albertosaurus
- large carnivorous dinosaurs of the Late Cretaceous Period (99 million to 65 million years ago) found as fossils in North America and eastern Asia. Albertosaurs are an early subgroup of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Alberts, Bruce
- If the new president of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), Bruce Alberts, had his way, scientific literacy would soon become one of the nation's leading concerns. A strong advocate ...
- Albertson, Jack
- (from the article "1968: Best Supporting Actor") Other Nominees
- Albertus Magnus, Saint
- Dominican bishop and philosopher best known as a teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas and as a proponent of Aristotelianism at the University of Paris. He established the study of nature ... [13 Related Articles]
- Albertville Olympics
- (from the article "Olympic Games") The 1992 Games are noted for not only a change in the modern Olympics but a change in the world as well. It was the last time that the Summer ...
- Albery family
- British family of theatre managers and playwrights whose members helped build the London theatre into a prime tourist attraction.
- Albery, James
- (from the article "Albery family") James Albery (b. 1838-d. 1889) was a dramatist whose work included Dr. Davy, produced at the Lyceum (1866), and Two Roses, produced at the Vaudeville (1870). Albery's wife was actress ...
- Albery, Sir Bronson James
- (from the article "Albery family") After the death of Charles (1919) and Lady Wyndham, Bronson Albery (in full Sir Bronson James Albery, b. March 6, 1881, Greenhithe, Kent, Eng.-d. July 21, 1971, London), the second ...
- Albery, Sir Donald Arthur Rolleston
- (from the article "Albery family") In 1962 Bronson passed on his theatre holdings to his son, Donald (in full Sir Donald Arthur Rolleston Albery, b. June 19, 1914, London, Eng.-d. Sept. 14, 1988, Monte Carlo, ...
- Albesti
- (from the article "Arges") ...steps. An arboretum, a forestry experimental station, and a roe deer reserve are found in Mihaiesti; and ancient limestone quarries, designated a natural monument, are located near Albesti. The road ...
- Albi
- city, capital of Tarn departement, Midi-Pyrenees region, in the Languedoc, southern France. It lies along the Tarn River where the latter leaves the Massif Central for the ...
- Albian Stage
- uppermost of six main divisions of the Lower Cretaceous Series, representing rocks deposited worldwide during the Albian Age, which occurred between 112 million and 99.6 million years ago during the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Albida acacia
- (from the article "Africa") The Albida acacia tree of the "farmed parkland" areas of West Africa is of special economic importance. Unlike almost all other dry woodland trees, whose leaf shedding normally occurs at ...
- Albigenses
- the heretics-especially the Catharist heretics-of 12th-13th-century southern France. (See Cathari.) The name, apparently given to them at the end of the 12th century, is hardly exact, for the movement centred ... [9 Related Articles]
- Albigensian crusade
- (from the article "Albigenses") ...until Innocent III ascended the papal throne. At first he tried pacific conversion but at last (1209) ordered the Cistercians to preach the crusade against the Albigenses. This implacable war, ...
- Albiker, Karl
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...their untroubled, stolid surfaces. In Germany, Georg Kolbe's "Standing Man and Woman" of 1931 seems a prelude to the Nazi health cult, and the serene but vacuous figures of Arno ...
- albinism
- (from the Latin albus, meaning "white"), the absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, hair, scales, or feathers. Albino animals rarely survive in the wild because they lack the pigments ... [8 Related Articles]
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