| | - Ahanda, Joseph
- (from the article "Cameroon") ...embezzlement on June 3, were convicted of having appropriated 450 million CFA francs ($865,000) of ministry funds. This anticorruption program did not prevent the government from imprisoning editor Joseph Ahanda ...
- ahankara
- ("I-saying," or "I-making"), in the dualist and evolutionist Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy, the second stage of development of the prakriti, the original stuff of material nature, which evolves into ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ahasuerus
- (from the article "wandering Jew") ...was revived in 1602 in a German pamphlet, "Kurze Beschreibung und Erzahlung von einem Juden mit namen Ahasverus" ("A Brief Description and Narration Regarding a Jew Named Ahasuerus"). This version, ...
- Ahaz
- king of Judah (c. 735-720 BC) who became an Assyrian vassal (2 Kings 16; Isaiah 7-8). [5 Related Articles]
- Ahaziah
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...test the validity of his vision. It turned out to be true-Ahab, even though he disguised himself, was mortally wounded by an arrow shot by a Syrian archer. In 850 ...
- Ahbar, Ka'b al-
- (from the article "Islam") ...Islamic "mythology." They wove into their explanations various strands of Persian and ancient oriental lore and relied heavily on Jewish tradition. For example, the Jewish convert, Ka'b al-Ahbar brought much ...
- Ahdut ha-'Avoda-Po'ale Tziyyon
- (from the article "Israel Labour Party") The second partner in the Israel Labour Party was Ahdut ha-'Avoda-Po'ale Tziyyon ("Unity of Labour-Workers of Zion"), founded in 1944 by a group of dissident Mapai members who broke away ...
- aheho-t'ang
- (from the article "Tano") ...mugwort leaves, which were believed to ward off evil spirits, and fish soup. A number of activities were also undertaken to promote good health, including the drinking of
- Ahenobarbus, Altar of
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...in Greece. The most familiar republican example of this form of art as practiced in the West is frieze decoration (partly in the Louvre, and partly in the Glyptothek at ...
- Ahenobarbus, Gnaeus Domitius
- Roman general who became one of the chief partisans of Mark Antony after Antony defeated the assassins of Julius Caesar.
- Ahenobarbus, Lucius Domitius
- a leader of the Optimates (conservative senatorial aristocracy) in the last years of the Roman Republic.
- Ahern, Bertie
- prime minister of Ireland from 1997 to 2008. [9 Related Articles]
- Ahhiyawa
- ancient kingdom lying to the west of the Hittite empire. The exact location of Ahhiyawa is not definitely known but may have been western Anatolia or one of the islands ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ahi Brotherhood
- (from the article "Kirsehir") ...under the 6th-century Byzantine emperor Justinian, was a major town in the ancient district of Cappadocia. From the 14th to 18th century, Kirsehir was the stronghold of the influential Ahi ...
- Ahicchattra
- (from the article "Bareilly") Bareilly has many fine mosques. The ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra near Bareilly is believed to have been visited by the Buddha. Pop. (1991 prelim.) city, 583,473; metropolitan area, 607,652.history ...
- Ahidjo, Ahmadou
- first president of the United Republic of Cameroon, who served from 1960 to 1982. He presided over one of the few successful attempts at supraterritorial African unity: the joining of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ahikar
- (from the article "biblical literature") According to the book of Tobit, Ahikar, the cupbearer of the Assyrian king Esarhaddon, was Tobit's nephew; he is a secondary personage in the plot, and his own story is ...
- Ahikar, The Story of
- folktale of Babylonian or Persian origin, about a wise and moral man who supposedly served as one of the chief counselors of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (704-681 BC). Like the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ahimaaz
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...probably written by a chronicler during the reign of Solomon; possible authors of these chapters were Abiathar, a priest of the line of Eli (who was Samuel's predecessor at the ...
- ahimsa
- ("noninjury"), the fundamental ethical virtue of the Jains of India, highly respected throughout the centuries by Hindus and Buddhists as well. In modern times, Mahatma Gandhi, the famous spiritual and ... [11 Related Articles]
- Ahinski Canal
- (from the article "Dnieper River") ...the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th, the Dnieper was connected to the Baltic Sea by several canals: the Dnieper-Bug Canal, running by way of the Pripet, Bug, ...
- Ahir
- cattle-tending caste widespread in northern and central India. Considerable historical interest attaches to this caste, because its members are thought to be identical with the Abhiras of Sanskrit literature, who ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ahiram
- (from the article "Phoenicia") ...of Phoenician sculpture in the round, relief sculpture is much more abundant. The earliest major work of Phoenician sculpture to survive was found at Byblos; it was the limestone sarcophagus ...
- Ahithophel
- in the Old Testament, one of King David's most trusted advisers. He took a leading part in the revolt of David's son Absalom, and Ahithophel's defection was a severe blow ...
- Ahklun Mountains
- (from the article "Alaskan mountains") ...circular groups of mountains rise above these ridges. The bedrock includes tightly folded Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments and volcanics and Tertiary intrusions. No glaciers are now present, but the Ahklun ...
- Ahl al-Bayt
- designation in Islam for the holy family of the Prophet Muhammad, particularly his daughter Fatimah, her husband 'Ali (who was also Muhammad's cousin), and their descendants.
- Ahl al-Kitab
- (Arabic: "People of the Book"), in Islamic thought, those religionists such as Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians who are possessors of divine books (i.e., the Torah, the Gospel, and the Avesta), ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ahl-e Haqq
- (Arabic: "People of Truth," or "People of God"), a secret, syncretistic religion, derived largely from Islam, whose adherents are found in western Iran, with enclaves in Iraq. They retain the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ahlfors, Lars Valerian
- Finnish mathematician who was awarded one of the first two Fields Medals in 1936 for his work with Riemann surfaces. He also won the Wolf Prize in 1981.
- Ahlin, Lars
- influential Swedish novelist of the mid-20th century.
- Ahlquist, Raymond
- (from the article "drug") A similar analysis of the sympathetic effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and related drugs was carried out by American pharmacologist Raymond Ahlquist, who suggested that these agents acted on two principal ...
- Ahly Cairo, Al-
- (from the article "Football") In March 2007 Ivorian association football (soccer) star Didier Drogba was voted 2006's African Footballer of the Year, narrowly defeating three-time winner Samuel Eto'o of Cameroon. On the field Al-Ahly ...
- Ahmad
- (from the article "Simjurid Dynasty") The founder of the family was a certain Ahmad, originally a slave of the Samanid king Esma'il. Ahmad was appointed governor of Seistan by the Samanids in c. 912. His ...
- Ahmad
- 10th ruler of the Husaynid dynasty of Tunisia. [2 Related Articles]
- Ahmad
- (from the article "Yemen") ...culminated in early 1948 in the assassination of Yahya and a coup by a varied coalition of dissidents. Much to the consternation of the plotters, however, Yahya's son Ahmad succeeded ...
- Ahmad al-Badawi
- (from the article "Ahmadiyah") Ahmadiyah also designates several Sufi orders, the most important of which is that of Egypt named after Ahmad al-Badawi, one of the greatest saints of Islam (d. 1276). Al-Badawi achieved ...
- Ahmad al-Mansur
- sixth ruler of the Sa'di dynasty, which he raised to its zenith of power by his policy of centralization and astute diplomacy. Al-Mansur resisted the demands of his nominal suzerain, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ahmad al-Mutawakkil
- (from the article "Najahid Dynasty") ...fanatical Islamic sect) who had murdered the vizier Surur in 1156, forced the Ethiopians to seek outside help from the Zaydi imam of San'a', Ahmad al-Mutawakkil, and to agree to ...
- Ahmad al-Raisuni
- (from the article "Morocco") ...The first area to be occupied was on the plain, facing the Atlantic, that included the towns of Larache, Ksar el-Kebir, and Asilah. That area was the stronghold of the ...
- Ahmad ar-Rifa'i
- (from the article "Rifa'iyah") ...known in the West as howling dervishes, found primarily in Egypt and Syria and in Turkey until outlawed in 1925. An offshoot of the Qadiriyah established in Basra, Iraq, by ...
- Ahmad At-Tijani
- (from the article "Tijaniyah") an especially proselytizing order of Islamic mystics (Sufis) widespread in northern and western Africa and the Sudan. Founded by Ahmad At-Tijani (1737-1815), formerly of the Khalwati order, about 1781 in ...
- Ahmad Baba
- jurist, writer, and a cultural leader of the western Sudan. [1 Related Articles]
- Ahmad Ben Salah
- (from the article "Tunisia") ...areas of education, the liberation of women, and legal reforms. Economic development was slower, but the government paid considerable attention to the more impoverished parts of the country. In 1961 ...
- Ahmad ebn Hasan Meymandi
- (from the article "Ferdowsi") ...poet and patron is largely legendary. According to Nezami-ye 'Aruzi, Ferdowsi came to Ghazna in person and through the good offices of the minister Ahmad ebn Hasan Meymandi was able ...
- Ahmad Gran
- leader of a Muslim movement that all but subjugated Ethiopia. At the height of his conquest, he held more than three-quarters of the kingdom, and, according to the chronicles, the ... [6 Related Articles]
- Ahmad ibn 'Ali, Shaykh
- (from the article "Thani, Shaykh Khalifa ibn Hamad al-") ...chief of security forces, director of education, and minister of finance and petroleum affairs, in the 1950s and 1960s. He became amir in February 1972 by deposing his cousin Shaykh ...
- Ahmad ibn 'Isa al-Muhajir
- (from the article "Arabia, history of") In the mid-10th century a refugee from disturbances in Iraq, Ahmad ibn 'Isa al-Muhajir, arrived in Hadhramaut, then under Ibadite domination, and founded the 'Alawite ('Alawi) Sayyid house, which was ...
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal
- Muslim theologian, jurist, and martyr for his faith. He was the compiler of the Traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (Musnad) and formulator of the Hanbali, the most strictly traditionalist of ... [6 Related Articles]
- Ahmad ibn Isma'il
- (from the article "Rasulid dynasty") ...of Aden encouraged a lively international trade. Disturbances in Mecca around the middle of the 14th century, however, offered the Mamluks an opportunity to intervene in Rasulid affairs. Ahmad ibn ...
- Ahmad ibn Mahraz
- (from the article "Isma'il") ...power structure by recognizing them as semi-independent governors of important provinces. He completed the internal pacification of Morocco in 1686 with the final defeat and death of his nephew Ahmad ...
- Ahmad ibn Sa'id
- (from the article "Al Bu Sa'id dynasty") Ahmad ibn Sa'id, who had been governor of Suhar, Oman, in the 1740s under the Persian Ya'rubids, managed to displace the Ya'rubids by about 1749 and become imam of Oman ...
- Ahmad ibn Tulun
- the founder of the Tulunid dynasty in Egypt and the first Muslim governor of Egypt to annex Syria. [2 Related Articles]
- Ahmad ibn Tulun, Mosque of
- huge and majestic red brick building complex built in 876 by the Turkish governor of Egypt and Syria. It was built on the site of present-day Cairo and includes a ... [4 Related Articles]
- Ahmad II
- (from the article "India") ...provinces (tarafs) among his other sons, exacting from them promises that they would be loyal to the new sultan, 'Ala' al-Din Ahmad II (reigned 1436-58). Even though ...
- Ahmad III
- (from the article "India") ...of Malwa; the Gajapati king of Orissa joined the fray by making inroads into the heart of the Bahmani kingdom. Humayun (reigned 1458-61) and Nizam al-Din Ahmad III (reigned 1461-63) ...
- Ahmad Khan, Sir Sayyid
- Muslim educator, jurist, and author, founder of the Anglo-Mohammedan Oriental College at Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, and the principal motivating force behind the revival of Indian Islam in the late ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ahmad Musa
- painter active at the court of the Il Khans at Tabriz. He is said to have learned painting from his father and to have "drawn the veil from the face ...
- Ahmad Shah
- (from the article "Qajar Dynasty") ...the aid of Russia, attempted to rescind the constitution and abolish parliamentary government. In so doing he aroused such opposition that he was deposed in 1909, the throne being taken ...
- Ahmad Shah
- ineffectual Mughal emperor of India from 1748 to 1754, who has been characterized as a "good-natured imbecile," without personality, training, or qualities of leadership. He was entirely dominated by others, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ahmad Shah Durrani
- founder of the state of Afghanistan and ruler of an empire that extended from the Amu Darya to the Indian Ocean and from Khorasan into Kashmir, the Punjab, and Sind. ... [8 Related Articles]
- Ahmad Sirhindi, Shaykh
- Indian mystic and theologian who was largely responsible for the reassertion and revival in India of orthodox Sunnite Islam as a reaction against the syncretistic religious tendencies prevalent during the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Ahmad the Jalayirid
- (from the article "Iraq") The later Jalayirids, however, dissipated their energies in fruitless foreign adventures and fratricidal struggles. In 1393, during the reign of Sultan Ahmad Jalayir, Timur (Tamerlane), a new conqueror from Central ...
- Ahmadi
- (from the article "Hudaydah, Al-") A radical change in the city's economic life took place after 1961, when the Soviet Union completed construction of the deepwater port at Ahmadi, several miles north. This port, with ...
- Ahmadi, Al-
- town, southern Kuwait. The oasis town was built after 1946 with the development of the oil field in which it is located. Al-Ahmadi is the headquarters of the Kuwait Oil ...
- Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud
- Iranian political leader who served as president of Iran (2005- ). [10 Related Articles]
- Ahmadiyah
- a modern Islamic sect and the generic name for various Sufi (Muslim mystic) orders. The sect was founded in Qadian, the Punjab, India, in 1889 by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (c. ... [7 Related Articles]
- Ahmadnagar
- town, west-central Maharashtra state, western India. It lies along the Sina River, 130 miles (210 km) east of Bombay. Known as Bhinar in early Yadava times, it was conquered by ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ahmadu III
- (from the article "'Umar Tal") ...was a conqueror; his mission turned into a fratricidal war. Both armies prayed to the same God before the battle. 'Umar, recognizing the danger to his divine mission, proposed a ...
- Ahmadu Seku
- second and last ruler of the Tukulor empire in West Africa, celebrated for his resistance to the French occupation. [2 Related Articles]
- Ahmed
- (from the article "Russia") The third major element of Ivan's foreign policy comprised his relations with the various Tatar confederations. In the 1470s the Crimean khan Mengli Giray came into increasing conflict with Khan ...
- Ahmed
- (from the article "Bayezid II") ...the victory, marched toward Constantinople. Failing to gain the support of the Janissaries (elite military guards), he turned back to bring most of Anatolia under his control. Bayezid, fearing that ...
- Ahmed Baba Institute
- (from the article "Mali") The National Archives of Mali and the National Library are located in Bamako, as is the Municipal Library; the Ahmed Baba Institute, a centre that houses and preserves a large ...
- Ahmed Hasim
- writer, one of the most outstanding representatives of the Symbolist movement in Turkish literature. [1 Related Articles]
- Ahmed I
- Ottoman sultan from 1603 to 1617, whose authority was weakened by wars, rebellions, and misrule. The rebellions he was able to suppress; he executed some of the viziers and exiled ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ahmed II
- Ottoman sultan (1691-95) whose reign was marked by the continuing war with the Holy League (Austria-Poland-Venice).
- Ahmed III
- sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1703 to 1730. [2 Related Articles]
- Ahmed Pasa
- (from the article "Iraq") In Baghdad, Hasan Pasa (1704-24), the Ottoman governor of Georgian origin sent from Istanbul, and his son Ahmed Pasa (1724-47) established a Georgian mamluk (slave) household, through which they exercised ...
- Ahmed Riza
- (from the article "Ottoman Empire") ...exiles in Paris, Geneva, and Cairo, where they helped prepare the ground for revolution by developing a comprehensive critique of the Hamidian system. The most noteworthy among these were Murad ...
- Ahmed Vefik Pasa
- Ottoman statesman and scholar who presided over the first Ottoman Parliament (1877) and who is known for his contributions to Turkish studies.
- Ahmed Yesevi
- poet and Sufi (Muslim mystic), an early Turkish mystic leader who exerted a powerful influence on the development of mystical orders throughout the Turkish-speaking world. [3 Related Articles]
- Ahmed, Fakhruddin
- (from the article "Bangladesh") ...| Capital: Dhaka | Chief of state: President Iajuddin Ahmed | Head of government: Chief Advisers Iajuddin Ahmed (interim), Fazlul Haque (acting January 11-12), and, from January 12, Fakhruddin ...
- Ahmed, Fakhruddin Ali
- statesman who was president of India from 1974 to 1977. [1 Related Articles]
- Ahmed, Iajuddin
- 17th president of Bangladesh. Ahmed was elected unopposed on Sept. 5, 2002, and retained this office, acting as caretaker of a military-backed interim government established to address a state of ... [4 Related Articles]
- Ahmed, Izzet Pasa
- (from the article "Ottoman Empire") ...became acute. The surrender of Bulgaria (Sept. 28, 1918), which severed direct links with Germany, was the final blow. The CUP cabinet resigned on October 7, and a new government ...
- Ahmedabad
- city, eastern Gujarat state, west-central India. It lies along the Sabarmati River about 275 miles (440 km) north of Mumbai (Bombay). The old city lies east of the river, while ... [4 Related Articles]
- Ahmedi, Taceddin
- one of the greatest poets of 14th-century Anatolia.
- Ahmes
- (from the article "Rhind papyrus") ...of much information about Egyptian mathematics. The papyrus was bought in 1858 in a Nile resort town by a Scottish antiquary, Alexander Henry Rhind, hence its name; less frequently, it ...
- Ahmet Pasa Bursali
- one of the most important figures in 15th-century Turkish literature.
- Ahmose I
- king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1539-14 BCE) and founder of the 18th dynasty who completed the expulsion of the Hyksos (Asiatic rulers of Egypt), invaded Palestine, and re-exerted Egypt's ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ahmose-Nofretari
- (from the article "Egypt, ancient") ...Egyptian tradition regarded Ahmose as the founder of a new dynasty because he was the native ruler who reunified Egypt. Continuing a recently inaugurated practice, he married his full sister ...
- Ahn Hyun Soo
- South Korean short-track speed skater, who was the top male medal winner at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. [7 Related Articles]
- Aho, Esko
- (from the article "Finland") A new cabinet, formed by major nonsocialist parties and with the Centre's Esko Aho as prime minister, immediately faced Finland's worst peacetime economic recession. During the early 1990s production dropped ...
- Aho, Juhani
- novelist and short-story writer who began as a realist but toward the end of his life made large concessions to Romanticism.
- aholehole
- any of several species of fishes constituting the family Kuhliidae (order Perciformes). Various members of the genus Kuhlia inhabit marine or fresh waters in the Indo-Pacific region, whereas representatives of ...
- Ahom
- tribe that ruled much of Assam from the 13th century until the establishment of British rule in 1838. Their power in Assam reached its peak during the reign of King ... [6 Related Articles]
- Ahom language
- (from the article "Tai languages") ...well: older names include Pai-i (Dai); Chuang-chia (Zhuang); Chung-chia, Dioi, Jui, and Yai (Buyei); and Tho, which is still sometimes used for the language or languages now known in Vietnam ...
- Ahomadegbe, Justin
- (from the article "Benin") ...decolonization, the nationalist movement in Dahomey became fragmented, with the emergence of three regionally based political parties-led by Sourou-Migan Apithy (president in 1964-65), Justin Ahomadegbe (1972), and Hubert Maga (1960-63 ...
- Ahonen, Janne
- (from the article "Skiing") In ski jumping, Finland's Janne Ahonen won 11 of the first 13 World Cup meets-and a record 12 overall-to claim his second straight World Cup title. In 2004 he had ...
- Ahorros y de Pensiones, La Caja de
- (from the article "Spain") ...the country. Surpluses are put into reserves or are used for local welfare, environmental activities, and cultural and educational projects. The largest of the savings banks is the Barcelona-based La ...
- Ahram, Al-
- daily newspaper published in Cairo, long regarded as Egypt's most authoritative and influential newspaper and as one of the most important papers in the Arab world. [1 Related Articles]
- Ahrens, Wilhelm Ernst Martin Georg
- (from the article "number game") In Germany, Hermann Schubert published Zwolf Geduldspiele in 1899 and the Mathematische Mussestunden (3rd ed., 3 vol.) in 1907-09. Between 1904 and 1920 Wilhelm Ahrens published several works, the most ...
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