(from the article "Spain") ...believed resistance to French power impossible, and those who considered that Napoleon might "regenerate" Spain by modern reforms. These groups became convinced afrancesados, as members of the ...
(from the article "beardworm") The Pogonophora may be separated into two classes, Afrenulata and Frenulata. The Afrenulata contains one species-Lamellibrachia barhami, which has been found in the Pacific Ocean near the coast of California. ...
the second largest continent, after Asia, covering about one-fifth of the total land surface of the Earth. The continent is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the ... [248 Related Articles]
in ancient Roman history, the first North African territory of Rome, at times roughly corresponding to modern Tunisia. It was acquired in 146 BC after the destruction of Carthage at ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Military Affairs") In February the U.S. announced the creation of Africa Command to run all its military operations in Africa. Previously, responsibilities for the region had been divided between its European, Central, ...
(from the article "Performing Arts") At Glastonbury, K'Naan also took part in "Africa Express," a daring five-hour experimental show with an emphasis on spontaneity; no one knew in advance exactly who would turn up or ...
(from the article "Africa") ...to include Arae Philaenorum, at the southernmost point of the Gulf of Sidra. In the west he combined the old province of Africa Vetus ("Old Africa") with what Caesar had ...
(from the article "Africa") ...extended Africa's borders southward as far as the Sahara and eastward to include Arae Philaenorum, at the southernmost point of the Gulf of Sidra. In the west he combined the ...
(from the article "art, African") The Amhara people of Ethiopia have inherited a Christian art and architecture with its roots in Coptic and Byzantine traditions. The Somali, on the other hand, are Muslim, also with ...
(from the article "Houphouet-Boigny, Felix") The son of a wealthy Baule chief, Houphouet-Boigny worked as a rural doctor and pursued a second career as a wealthy planter. He began his political career as a cofounder ...
(from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...narrowing of the digital divide in Internet usage between different racial and ethnic segments of American society. The survey of people 18 and older showed that 74% of whites, 61% ...
a language variety that has also been identified at different times in dialectology and literary studies as Black English, black dialect, and Negro (nonstandard) English. Since the late 1980s, the ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Libraries and Museums") ...for African Art, operating from a temporary location in Queens, started construction work on its new site in Harlem. The federal government agreed to a grant of $3.9 million for ...
body of literature written by Americans of African descent. Beginning in the pre-Revolutionary War period, African American writers have engaged in a creative, if often contentious, dialogue with American letters. ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "African American literature") During the decade following World War II, professional African American dramatists-such as William Blackwell Branch, author of In Splendid Error (produced 1954); Alice Childress, creator of the ...
the architecture of native Africa, particularly of sub-Saharan Africa. In areas where Islam and Christianity linked Africa to the rest of the world in precolonial times, architecture predominates among the ...
(from the article "black duck") The African black duck (A. sparsa), of sub-Saharan Africa, is not a close relative. It dives more than other dabbling ducks and is less social. Some authorities consider it a ...
(from the article "pangolin") Some pangolins, such as the African black-bellied pangolin (Manis longicaudata) and the Chinese pangolin (M. pentadactyla), are almost entirely arboreal; others, such as the giant pangolin (M. gigantea) of Africa, ...
(from the article "osteoglossomorph") Spawnings in aquaria suggest that Pantodon (Pantodontidae), the African butterfly fish, produces floating eggs and provides minimal parental care. A complicated courtship in this species has also been observed.
(from the article "human rights") In 1981 the Eighteenth Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity (replaced by the African Union [AU] in 2002) adopted the African Charter on ...
(from the article "civet") ...(also known as toddy cat because of its fondness for palm juice, or "toddy") and Nandinia, civets are mainly terrestrial. The otter civet (Cynogale bennetti), African civet (Viverra, sometimes Civettictis, ...
(from the article "Law") The year 2006 also saw the first judges sworn in to preside over the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights. The court, based in Arusha, Tanz., was created by ...
(from the article "porcupine") ...rock crevices, or aardvark burrows, Hystrix species also excavate burrows of their own that can become extensive over years of occupation. European populations of the African crested ...
the most prestigious football (soccer) competition in Africa. It is contested by national teams and is organized by the Confederation Africaine de Football (CAF). The competition's format has changed over ... [2 Related Articles]
performing art deeply woven into the social fabric of Africa and generally involving aspects of music and theatre as well as rhythmic bodily movement. See also African music and mask.
(from the article "Benin, flag of") ...following the establishment of an autonomous republic in that former French colony. Like many neighbouring countries, it chose the pan-African colours (red-yellow-green) that had been used by the African Democratic ...
African organization established in 1964, operational beginning in 1966, and dedicated to financing the economic and social development of its African member countries. Its membership includes 53 African states and ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "drongo") One of the most common birds of southern Asia is the 33-centimetre black drongo (D. macrocercus), also called king crow because it can intimidate the true crow. The 24-centimetre African ...
(from the article "finfoot") The African finfoot (Podica senegalensis) is the largest species, 46-53 cm (18-21 inches) long. It occurs from Senegal to the Congo basin and from Ethiopia to the Cape of Good ...
(from the article "eagle") ...(H. leucogaster), frequently seen on the coasts of Australia, ranges from New Guinea and Indonesia through Southeast Asia to India and China. A well-known African species is ...
(from the article "elephant") The African savanna, or bush, elephant (Loxodonta africana) weighs up to 8,000 kg (9 tons) and stands 3 to 4 metres (10 to 13 feet) at the shoulder. The African ...
international athletics (track-and-field) competition sponsored by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and contested by athletes representing the nations of Africa. The African Games were first held in 1965, ...
(from the article "squirrel") ...of vertical activity in species differs widely, especially among those living in tropical rainforests. Some, such as the Oriental giant squirrels (genus Ratufa) and the African giant ...
(from the article "golden cat") either of two cats of the family Felidae: the African golden cat (Felis aurata), or the Asian golden cat (F. temmincki), also known as Temminck's cat.
(from the article "oriole") ...European species is the 24-centimetre (9.5-inch) golden oriole (O. oriolus), which ranges eastward to Central Asia and India. It is yellow, with black-eye marks and black wings. The African golden ...
(from the article "flower chafer") Probably the best-known member is the African goliath beetle (Goliathus giganteus). This insect is white with bold black lines on its body and has brown wing covers (elytra). It may ...
(from the article "parrot") The African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus) is unsurpassed as a talker; the male can precisely echo human speech. Captive birds are alert and, compared with other parrots, relatively good-tempered. Some ...
a religious movement in East Africa that represents a prolonged search for a Christianity more African and, its adherents say, more authentic than the denominational mission forms transplanted from overseas. ...
(from the article "green snake") The African green snakes (Chlorophis) have keeled ventral plates and are arboreal. Others of this genus are found in eastern and southern Asia.
(from the article "ground squirrel") ...ground squirrel (Atlantoxerus getulus) lives in rocky habitats from sea level to 4,000 metres (13,000 feet) in the Atlas Mountains of northwestern Africa, and the four species of African ground ...
(from the article "Swaziland") ...pointed to a rise in the number of those living below the poverty line from 65% in 2000 to 69% in 2006 and advised workers to expect low annual inflation ...
(from the article "hawk") The African harrier hawk (Polyboroides typus) and the crane hawk (Geranospiza nigra) of tropical America are medium-sized gray birds resembling the harriers but having short, broad wings.
(from the article "hedgehog") ...30 cm (5.5 to 12 inches), and there is a stumpy and sparsely furred tail measuring 1 to 6 cm. In addition to the three species of Eurasian hedgehogs (genus ...
(from the article "bee") The so-called killer bee is a hybrid between an African subspecies and European subspecies of honeybee. The Africanized honeybee subspecies was accidentally released in Brazil in 1957 during an attempt ...
disease of Equidae (horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras) caused by an orbivirus called AHSV (family Reoviridae) that is transmitted by arthropods, notably biting midges (Culicoides imicola). The ...
(Lycaon pictus), wild African carnivore that differs from the rest of the members of the dog family (Canidae) in having only four toes on each foot. Its coat is short, ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "human evolution") ...200 and 30 kya. At one extreme is multiregional evolution, or the regional continuity model. At the other is the African replacement, or "out of Africa," model. Intermediate are the ...
(from the article "Guinea-Bissau") ...years of instability and economic distress in 2006. After the 2005 presidential election returned Pres. Joao Bernardo Vieira to office, 14 members of the largest party in the parliament, the ...
(from the article "jacana") The seven or eight species of the genus Jacana include the American jacana (Jacana spinosa), of the American tropics, variably black or reddish; the African jacana (Actophilornis africanus); the Australian ...
(from the article "South Africa") ...styles such as traditional indigenous music, jazz, Christian religious music, and forms of popular music from the United States. These combinations are evident in the music of such performers as ...
(from the article "Southern Africa") These events left few resources for occupation north of the Zambezi until the late 1890s. Opposition from missionaries and the African Lakes Company ensured that the region around Lake Nyasa ...
(from the article "percussion instrument") That portion of western Africa known as the Bend is the area of talking drums, by means of which messages are conveyed for up to 20 miles (32 km), to ...
(from the article "linsang") any of three species of long-tailed, catlike mammals belonging to the civet family (Viverridae). The African linsang (Poianarichardsoni), the banded linsang (Prionodon linsang), and the spotted linsang (Prionodon pardicolor) ...
the traditional oral and written literatures together with the mainly 20th-century literature written mostly in European languages but also to an increasing extent in the many languages of the sub-Saharan ... [18 Related Articles]
(from the article "sparrowhawk") The African little sparrowhawk (A. minullus), slate gray above with white tail bars, barred white below, inhabits woods of East and South Africa. The Eurasian sparrowhawk (A. nisus), dark gray ...
(from the article "lungfish") ...species grow to substantial size. The Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, attains weights of up to 10 kilograms (about 22 pounds) and a length of 1.25 metres (about 50 inches). Of ...
(from the article "marigold") African marigold (T. erecta), French marigold (T. patula), and several other species are grown as garden ornamentals, although most species have strong-scented leaves. Members of the genus Tagetes have attractive ...
black Methodist church in the United States, formally organized in 1816. It developed from a congregation formed by a group of blacks who withdrew in 1787 from St. George's Methodist ... [3 Related Articles]
black Methodist church in the United States, organized in 1821; it adopted its present name in 1848. It developed from a congregation formed by a group of blacks who in ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "blind mole rat") ...species in the genus Spalax). Together these genera constitute the subfamily Spalacinae of the mouse family (Muridae) within the order Rodentia. The African mole rats (genus Tachyorytes) and Central Asian ...
(from the article "perciform") Breeding and cultivation of perciforms has been successful in many parts of the world. The African mouthbreeder (Tilapia macrocephala, Cichlidae) has been successfully introduced in many areas and is valued ...
the musical sounds and practices of all indigenous peoples of Africa, including the Berber in the Sahara and the San (Bushmen) and Khoikhoin (Hottentot) in Southern Africa. The music of ... [6 Related Articles]
South African political party and black nationalist organization. Founded in 1912 as the South African Native National Congress, it had as its main goal the maintenance of voting rights for ... [29 Related Articles]
(from the article "Football") On Feb. 14, 2004, the final of the African Nations Cup was held in Rades, Tun., and was won by the host country, which defeated neighbours Morocco 2-1 in front ...
(from the article "Concentrates used as animal feeds (nutrient values on "as-fed" basis)") African tree cultivated as a source of oil in West and Central Africa, where it originated, and in Malaysia and Indonesia, and as an ornamental tree in many subtropical areas; ...
(from the article "African Greek Orthodox Church") ...missionary paternalism, inadequate material assistance, and young Greek-trained priests who were not particularly African-oriented led Spartas and his followers into secession. The new group, the African Orthodox Autonomous Church South ...
(from the article "African Greek Orthodox Church") ...and, its adherents say, more authentic than the denominational mission forms transplanted from overseas. It began when an Anglican in Uganda, Reuben Spartas, heard of the independent, all-black African Orthodox ...
(from the article "squirrel") ...rubriventer) and the northern Amazon red squirrel (Sciurus igniventris), nest at middle levels but travel and forage low in the understory or on the ground. The African ...
(from the article "Cape Verde") In the parliamentary elections held in January 2006, the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), led by Prime Minister Jose Maria Neves, won a second five-year term. ...
(from the article "Southern Africa") The Coloureds of the Cape and Transvaal also mobilized politically in the first nationwide black political organization, the African Political Organization (APO; later African People's Organization), founded in 1902, which ...
(from the article "lizard") ...enter narrow crevices. 1 genus, Chamaesaura, is nearly limbless and snakelike. 3 genera and about 55 species.Lizards with 2 parietal scales on the head and each ...
body of music that emerged in Africa in the 1960s, mixing indigenous influences with those of Western popular music. By the 1980s the audience for African popular music had expanded ...
any of five species of African rodents characterized by cheek pouches that are used for carrying food back to their burrows, where it is eaten or stored. All are terrestrial ...
(from the article "anseriform") ...Anatidae vary greatly in size, the largest being some 60 times heavier than the smallest. Most are rather chunky birds, from about 30 cm (1 foot) in length and 250 ...
(from the article "squirrel") ...pygmy squirrel (Sciurillus pusillus) of the Amazon Basin weighs 33 to 45 grams (1 to 1.5 ounces), with a body 9 to 12 cm long and an ...
(from the article "python") ...of Indonesia. Other related genera inhabit New Guinea and Australia. Some Australian pythons (genus Liasis) never grow much longer than one metre, but some pythons of Africa ...
(from the article "Cunoniaceae") ...primarily to tropical areas of the Southern Hemisphere. Several of the trees are cultivated as ornamentals, including Geissois racemosa, a New Zealand species with crimson flowers, and Cunonia capensis, a ...
religious beliefs and practices of the peoples of Africa. It should be noted that any attempt to generalize about the nature of "African religions" risks wrongly implying that there is ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "Homo erectus") ...passed some postulated critical threshold. This theory depends on accepting a supposed erectus-sapiens threshold as correct. It is opposed by supporters of the "out of Africa" hypothesis, who find the ...
(from the article "martin") ...and white bird, breeds throughout the Northern Hemisphere; it makes nest burrows in sandbanks. The house martin (Delichon urbica), blue-black above and white-rumped, is common in Europe. The African river ...
(from the article "proboscidean") Within the elephant family, Asian elephants (genus Elephas) and mammoths (genus Mammathus) are more closely related to one another than African elephants (genus
(from the article "planation surface") ...The oldest surfaces he recognized, termed Gondwana, were Mesozoic in age and related to the ancient landmass of Pangaea and its subsequent breakup during the Mesozoic. A younger surface, called ...
(from the article "continental shield") ...of younger, folded rocks. Shield areas are not recognized in central Europe, but farther south nearly one-half of the continent of Africa exhibits Precambrian rocks in outcrop (at the surface). ...
(from the article "Congo") Two major parties existed at independence: the African Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialiste Africain; MSA) and the Democratic Union for the Defense of African Interests (Union Democratique pour la Defense des ...
any of more than a dozen species of small to medium-sized rodents characterized by the harsh, inflexible spiny hairs of their upperparts. African spiny mice have large eyes and ears ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "spoonbill") ...is a crested white bird about 60 cm long with cinnamon buff on the foreneck. It breeds in marshes of central and southern Europe and Asia, south to Egypt, India, ...
(from the article "African Union") ...After a transition period, the African Union replaced the OAU in July 2002. In 2004 the AU's Pan-African Parliament was inaugurated, and the organization agreed to create a peacekeeping force, ...
(from the article "weasel") ...genus Ictonyx), are somewhat smaller and are often found in agricultural areas. Their bodies are spotted black-and-white, and the tail, face, and back are striped. The African ...
(from the article "Nkrumah, Kwame") ...Nkrumah came to describe himself as a "nondenominational Christian and a Marxist socialist." He also immersed himself in political work, reorganizing and becoming president of the African Students' Organization of ...
(from the article "Ethiopian region") ...world's largest concentration of antelopes, giraffes, gorillas, and rhinoceroses, as well as a rich variety of other animals. The vegetational division roughly corresponding to this region is the African division ...
highly contagious and usually fatal viral disease of swine that is characterized by high fever, lesions, leukopenia (abnormally low count of white blood cells), elevated pulse and respiration rate, and ...
(from the article "African Trade Union Unity, Organization of") ...organization founded in 1973 at Addis Ababa, Eth., on the initiative of the Organization of African Unity and replacing the former All-African Trade Union Federation (AATUF; founded in 1961) and ...
labour organization founded in 1973 at Addis Ababa, Eth., on the initiative of the Organization of African Unity and replacing the former All-African Trade Union Federation (AATUF; founded in 1961) ...
(from the article "Bignoniaceae") Among the important ornamental and useful members are the African tulip tree (Spathodea), calabash tree (Crescentia cujete), sausage tree (Kigelia pinnata), trumpet creeper (Campsis), cross vine (Bignonia capreolata), cat's claw ...
intergovernmental organization, established in 2002, to promote unity and solidarity of African states, to spur economic development, and to promote international cooperation. The African Union (AU) replaced the Organization of ... [40 Related Articles]
(from the article "Sudan, The") ...in January when the claim of Pres. Omar al-Bashir to become the new AU chairman was rejected. Only with some reluctance did the AU agree to extend the mandate of ...
(from the article "United Nations") On July 31, 2007, the Security Council authorized the African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID). The main purpose of UNAMID was to support the implementation of the Darfur ...
(from the article "African Cup of Nations") ...an Egyptian who was the first CAF president. That trophy was permanently awarded to Ghana in 1978 when it became the first country to win the tournament three times. The ...
(from the article "vine snake") ...belong to the genera Ahaetulla (Asian vine snakes), Oxybelis (New World vine snakes), and Thelotornis (African vine snakes); however, some authorities ...
