| | - Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
- (from the article "Sichuan") The autonomous prefectures are the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with its headquarters at Ma'erkang (Barkam); the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with its capital at Kangding; and the Liangshan Yi Autonomous ...
- abaca
- plant of the family Musaceae, and its fibre, which is second in importance among the leaf fibre group. Abaca fibre, unlike most other leaf fibres, is obtained from the plant ... [2 Related Articles]
- Abacha, Sani
- Nigerian military leader, who served as head of state (1993-98). [6 Related Articles]
- abacist
- (from the article "algebra") ...in purely rhetorical fashion, it was instrumental in communicating the Hindu-Arabic numerals to a wider audience in the Latin world. Early adopters of the "new" numerals became known as abacists, ...
- Abaco
- island, The Bahamas, located about 55 miles (90 km) north of Nassau, the capital, on New Providence Island. Abaco is the largest island of the Abaco and Cays, or Abacos, ... [1 Related Articles]
- abacus
- (from the article "capital") Two simple forms of the capital are a square wooden block called an abacus, placed on the top of a post, and an oblong block called a billet, set with ...
- abacus
- calculating device, probably of Babylonian origin, that was long important in commerce. It is the ancestor of the modern calculating machine and computer. [4 Related Articles]
- Abadan
- city, extreme southwestern Iran. The city is situated in Khuzestan, part of the oil-producing region of Iran. Abadan lies on an island of the same name along the eastern bank ...
- Abadan Island
- (from the article "Abadan") city, extreme southwestern Iran. The city is situated in Khuzestan, part of the oil-producing region of Iran. Abadan lies on an island of the same name along the eastern bank ...
- Abadgaran-e Iran-e Islami
- (from the article "Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud") Ahmadinejad helped establish Abadgaran-e Iran-e Islami (Developers of an Islamic Iran), which promoted a populist agenda and sought to unite the country's conservative factions. The party won the city council ...
- Abadi, Agha Hasan
- Indian-born Pakistani financier who founded the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (b. May 14, 1922--d. Aug. 5, 1995).
- Abadie, Paul
- (from the article "Paris") ...paid for by national subscription after the French defeat by the Prussians in 1870, during the Franco-German War. The work began in 1876 but was delayed by the death of ...
- Abae
- ancient town in the northeast corner of Phocis, Greece. The town was famous for its oracle of Apollo, which was one of those consulted by the Lydian king Croesus. Although ...
- Abahai
- Manchurian tribal leader who in 1636 became emperor of the Manchu, Mongols, and Chinese in Manchuria (Northeast China). In addition, for his family he adopted the name of Qing ("Pure"), ... [2 Related Articles]
- Abaiang Atoll
- coral atoll of the Gilbert Islands, part of Kiribati, in the west-central Pacific Ocean. Comprising six islets in the northern Gilberts, the atoll has a lagoon (16 miles by 5 ...
- Abaj Takalik
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") ...(4) such iconographic elements as a U-shaped motif, and (5) a cluttered, baroque, and painterly relief style that emphasizes narrative. An important site pertaining to this Izapan culture is Abaj ...
- Abajo Mountains
- volcanic segment of the Colorado Plateau, in San Juan county, southeastern Utah, U.S. Abajo Peak (11,362 feet [3,463 metres]) is the highest point in the mountains, which comprise eight summits ...
- Abakaliki
- town, capital of Ebonyi state, southeastern Nigeria. It lies at the intersection of roads from Enugu, Afikpo, and Ogoja. An agricultural trade centre (yams, cassava, rice, and palm oil and ...
- Abakan
- city and administrative centre of the republic of Khakassia, south-central Russia. The city lies on the left bank of the Abakan River near its confluence with the Yenisey River. The ...
- Abakan
- (from the article "Abakanowicz, Magdalena") ...Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw (1954). She began working as an independent artist in 1956 and initially earned success for large, three-dimensional woven sculptures known as
- Abakan River
- (from the article "Yenisey River") The largest tributaries of the upper and middle Yenisey are the Khemchik and Abakan rivers from the left and the Tuba River from the right. Fed chiefly by rainwater and ...
- Abakanowicz, Bruno Abdank
- (from the article "integraph") ...plotting the integral of a graphically defined function. Two such instruments were invented independently about 1880 by the British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys and the Lithuanian mathematician Bruno Abdank ...
- Abakanowicz, Magdalena
- Polish artist whose massive series of sculptures earned her international acclaim. [2 Related Articles]
- Abako Party
- (from the article "Congo") ...was the publication in 1956 of a political manifesto calling for immediate independence. Penned by a group of Bakongo evolues affiliated to the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO), ...
- Abakumov, V. S.
- (from the article "Leningrad Affair") ...noted that the charges of treason and conspiracy levied against the victims of the purge had been fabrications. He charged that Lavrenty P. Beria, the late chief of security police, ...
- abalone
- any of several marine snails of the subclass Prosobranchia (class Gastropoda) constituting the genus Haliotis and family Haliotidae, in which the shell has a row of holes on its outer ... [3 Related Articles]
- Abancay
- city, southern Peru. It is situated on the eastern bank of the Marino River at 7,798 feet (2,377 metres) above sea level, in a cool, dry intermontane basin. The exact ...
- abandonment
- in Anglo-American property law, the relinquishment of possession of property with an intent to terminate all ownership interests in that property. Abandonment may occur by throwing away the property, by ...
- abandonment clause
- (from the article "insurance") If salvaging or rehabilitating a ship or cargo following a marine loss costs more than the goods are worth, the loss is said to be constructively total. Under such conditions, ...
- abangan
- (from the article "Dewantoro, Ki Hadjar") ...by the late 1930s subsidized by the Dutch colonial government. Based on traditional Javanese concepts, the Taman Siswa schools appealed primarily to those segments of Indonesian society termed abangan, in ...
- Abani, Chris
- (from the article "Literature") ...Ages. Sherman Alexie also delivered two books-the novel Flight and a young-adult fiction titled The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. Nigerian-born fiction writer Chris Abani had two offerings-the ...
- Abaoji
- leader of the nomadic Mongol-speaking Khitan tribes who occupied the northern border of China. [2 Related Articles]
- Abary River
- (from the article "Guyana") ...the Essequibo, the Potaro, Mazaruni, and Cuyuni drain the northwest, and the Rupununi drains the southern savanna. The coast is cut by shorter rivers, including the Pomeroon, Mahaica, Mahaicony, and ...
- Abashidze, Aslan
- (from the article "Ajaria") ...autonomous republic of the U.S.S.R.; following the dissolution of the U.S.S.R., it became part of the newly independent country of Georgia. From 1991 to 2004, the region was under the ...
- Abasiyanik, Sait Faik
- short-story writer, a major figure in modern Turkish literature. [1 Related Articles]
- Abasto
- (from the article "Buenos Aires") Abasto and Once are quintessential working-class neighbourhoods; both are located west of Avenida 9 de Julio. Carlos Gardel, one of Argentina's renowned tango singers, lived in Abasto. Once is famous ...
- Abate, Carmen
- (from the article "Literature") Carmine Abate continued his exploration of the consequences and meanings of emigration in La festa del ritorno. The life of the young protagonist is punctuated by the return visits of ...
- Abate, Niccolo dell'
- painter of the Bolognese school who, along with others, introduced the post-Renaissance Italian style of painting to France and helped to inspire the French classical school of landscape painting. [1 Related Articles]
- abatement
- in law, the interruption of a legal proceeding upon the pleading by a defendant of a matter that prevents the plaintiff from going forward with the suit at that time ...
- Abauzit, Firmin
- scholar who contributed to a French translation of the New Testament.
- Abaza
- (from the article "Abkhaz") ...dialect, are found around the Bzyb River; the Abzhui Abkhaz, on whose dialect the literary language is based, live near the Kodori River; and the Zamurzakan Abkhaz are found in ...
- Abaza language
- language spoken primarily in the western part of the Caucasus Mountains and in northeastern Turkey. Abaza is related to Abkhaz, Adyghian, Kabardian (Circassian), and Ubykh, which constitute the Abkhazo-Adyghian, or ... [4 Related Articles]
- Abaza, Mahmud
- (from the article "Egypt") ...to take over the party headquarters by force, which led to clashes that resulted in injuries to 23 persons and the arrest and jailing of Gomaa and 14 of his ...
- Abba
- (from the article "Europop") ...broader appeal. Boney M, a foursome from the Caribbean (via Britain and The Netherlands) brought together by German producer Frank Farian, sold 50 million records in 1976-78; the Swedish group ...
- Abba Arika
- (from the article "Samuel of Nehardea") Babylonian amora (scholar), head of the important Jewish academy at Nehardea. His teachings, along with those of Rav (Abba Arika, head of the academy at Sura), figure prominently in the ...
- Abba Ewostatewos
- (from the article "Ethiopia") ...benefices. Such power allowed the monasteries at times to intervene in disputes over succession to the Solomonid throne and even openly to fight the reigning monarch. On the other hand, ...
- Abbadid dynasty
- Muslim-Arab dynasty of Andalusia that arose in Sevilla (Seville) in the 11th century, in the period of the factions, or "party kingdoms" (ta'ifahs), following the downfall of ...
- Abbadie, Antoine-Thomson d'
- (from the article "Abbadie, Antoine-Thomson d'; and Abbadie, Arnaud-Michel d'") Their parents, a French father and an Irish mother, moved to France in 1818. In 1835 the French Academy sent Antoine on a scientific mission to Brazil. Arnaud spent some ...
- Abbadie, Antoine-Thomson d'; and Abbadie, Arnaud-Michel d'
- two brothers who, as geographers and travelers, conducted extensive investigations of the geography, geology, archaeology, and natural history of Ethiopia.
- Abbadie, Arnaud-Michel d'
- (from the article "Abbadie, Antoine-Thomson d'; and Abbadie, Arnaud-Michel d'") Their parents, a French father and an Irish mother, moved to France in 1818. In 1835 the French Academy sent Antoine on a scientific mission to Brazil. Arnaud spent some ...
- Abbado, Claudio
- Italian conductor and music director of the Vienna State Opera (1986-91) and principal conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (from 1971), the London Symphony Orchestra (1979-88), and the Berlin Philharmonic ...
- Abbagnano, Nicola
- (from the article "Existentialism") ...is Jose Ortega y Gasset; that of Russian Idealistic Existentialism is Nikolay Berdyayev (who, however, lived half of his adult life in France); and that of Italian Existentialism is Nicola ...
- Abbahu
- (from the article "Judaism") ...and Samaritans maintained renowned cultural institutions-the Jews too established an academy that was singularly free of patriarchal control. The outstanding rabbinic scholar there, Abbahu (c. 279-320), wielded great influence with ...
- Abbas I
- viceroy of Egypt under the Ottomans from 1848 to 1854. Despite his relatively peaceful and prosperous reign as viceroy of Egypt, 'Abbas was largely vilified as selfish, secretive, cruel, and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Abbas I
- shah of Persia from 1588 to 1629, who strengthened the Safavid dynasty by expelling Ottoman and Uzbek troops from Persian soil and by creating a standing army. He also made ... [9 Related Articles]
- Abbas II
- last khedive (viceroy) of Egypt, from 1892 to 1914, when British hegemony was established. His opposition to British power in Egypt made him prominent in the nationalist movement. [2 Related Articles]
- Abbas Mirza
- crown prince of the Qajar dynasty of Iran who introduced European military techniques into his country.
- Abbas, Abu
- Palestinian guerrilla leader (b. 1948/49?, near Haifa?, Palestine/Israel?-d. March 8/9, 2004, near Baghdad, Iraq), was best known as the mastermind behind the 1985 hijacking of the Italian cruise ship Achille ...
- Abbas, Ferhat
- politician and leader of the national independence movement who served as the first president of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic. [1 Related Articles]
- Abbas, Mahmoud
- Palestinian politician, who served briefly as prime minister of the Palestinian Authority in 2003 and was elected its president in 2005 following the death of Yasir 'Arafat. [12 Related Articles]
- Abbasid Dynasty
- second of the two great dynasties of the Muslim Empire of the Caliphate. It overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in AD 750 and reigned as the 'Abbasid caliphate until destroyed by ... [44 Related Articles]
- Abbati, Giuseppe
- (from the article "Macchiaioli") ...conscious scenes; Silvestro Lega (1826-95), who combined a clearly articulated handling of colour patches with a poetic feeling for his subject; and Raffaello Sernesi (1838-66) and Giuseppe Abbati (1836-68), both ...
- Abbaye
- (from the article "Vildrac, Charles") Vildrac, along with the writer Georges Duhamel (later his brother-in-law) and others, founded the Abbaye, a community of young artists and writers who, from 1906 to 1907, lived together in ...
- Abbe Pierre
- French Roman Catholic priest and social activist championed the cause of the homeless in France and throughout the world. The Emmaus movement, which he founded in 1949 with a ...
- Abbe sine condition
- (from the article "Abbe, Ernst") ...design (such as the use of a condenser to provide strong, even illumination, introduced in 1870) and clearer understanding of magnification limits. He discovered the optical formula now called the ...
- Abbe, Cleveland
- meteorologist who pioneered in the foundation and growth of the U.S. Weather Bureau, later renamed the National Weather Service.
- Abbe, Ernst
- physicist whose theoretical and technical innovations in optical theory led to great improvements in microscope design (such as the use of a condenser to provide strong, even illumination, introduced in ... [6 Related Articles]
- abbess
- the title of a superior of certain communities of nuns following the Benedictine Rule, of convents of the Second Order of St. Francis (Poor Clares), and of certain communities of ...
- Abbeville
- town, Somme departement, Picardy region, northern France, near the mouth of the canalized Somme, northwest of Amiens. Stone Age artifacts unearthed by Boucher de ...
- Abbeville
- city, seat (1854) of Vermilion parish, southern Louisiana, U.S., on the Vermilion River, 20 miles (32 km) south-southwest of Lafayette. It was founded in 1843 by a Capuchin missionary, Pere ...
- Abbeville
- city, seat of Abbeville county, northwestern South Carolina, U.S. French Huguenots in 1764 settled the site, which was named for Abbeville, France, by John de la Howe. The city is ...
- Abbeville
- county, northwestern South Carolina, U.S. It lies in a hilly piedmont region bounded to the southwest by the state's Richard B. Russell Lake border with Georgia; the Saluda River forms ...
- Abbevillian industry
- prehistoric stone-tool tradition generally considered to represent the oldest occurrence in Europe of a bifacial (hand-ax) technology. The Abbevillian industry dates from an imprecisely determined part of the Middle Pleistocene, ... [2 Related Articles]
- abbey
- group of buildings housing a monastery or a convent, centred on an abbey church or a cathedral and under the direction of an abbot or an abbess. In this sense, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Abbey Theatre
- Dublin theatre, established in 1904. It grew out of the Irish Literary Theatre (founded in 1899 by William Butler Yeats and Isabella Augusta, Lady Gregory, and devoted to fostering Irish ... [10 Related Articles]
- Abbey, Edward
- American writer whose works, set primarily in the Southwestern United States, reflect an uncompromising environmentalist philosophy.
- Abbey, Edwin Austin
- American painter and one of the foremost illustrators of his day.
- abbhutadhamma
- (from the article "anga") 8. Abbhutadhamma, or adbhutadharma ("wondrous phenomena"), stories of miracles and supernatural events.
- Abbo of Fleury, Saint
- (from the article "Aimoin") ...St. Benedict, completing the second and third books of the Miracula Sancti Benedicti in 1005 (the first book had been the work of an earlier writer). He also wrote the ...
- abbot
- the superior of a monastic community that follows the Benedictine Rule (Benedictines, Cistercians, Camaldolese, Trappists) and of certain other orders (Premonstratensians, canons regular of the Lateran). The word derives from ... [6 Related Articles]
- Abbot, Charles Greeley
- American astrophysicist who, as director of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Washington, D.C., for almost four decades, engaged in a career-long campaign to demonstrate that the Sun's energy output varies ... [1 Related Articles]
- Abbot, George
- (from the article "Archbishops of Canterbury") ...didactic worth. The first Bible in English to exclude the Apocrypha was the Geneva Bible of 1599. The King James Version of 1611 placed it between the Old and New ...
- Abbot, Henry Larcom
- (from the article "Earth sciences") A complicated empirical formula for the discharge of streams resulted from the studies of Andrew Atkinson Humphreys and Henry Larcom Abbot in the course of the Mississippi Delta Survey of ...
- Abbotsford
- former home of the 19th-century novelist Sir Walter Scott, situated on the right bank of the River Tweed, Scottish Borders council area, historic county of Roxburghshire, Scotland. Scott purchased the ...
- Abbott and Costello
- American comedic duo who performed on stage and in films, radio, and television. Bud Abbott (original name William Alexander Abbott; b. Oct. 2, 1895, Asbury Park, N.J., U.S., -d. April ...
- Abbott, Berenice
- photographer best known for her photographic documentation of New York City in the late 1930s and for her preservation of the works of Eugene Atget. [3 Related Articles]
- Abbott, Bud
- (from the article "Abbott and Costello") Abbott was born into a circus family, and he managed burlesque houses before he met Costello. He spent much time backstage studying the top American comics of the day, including ...
- Abbott, Diane
- British politician, the first woman of African descent elected to the House of Commons. Abbott's parents, originally from Jamaica, immigrated to the United Kingdom in the early 1950s. She was ...
- Abbott, Edith
- American social worker, educator, and author who was instrumental in promoting the professional practice and academic discipline of social work in the United States.
- Abbott, George
- American theatrical director, producer, playwright, actor, and motion-picture director who staged some of the most popular Broadway productions from the 1920s to the '60s. [2 Related Articles]
- Abbott, Grace
- American social worker, public administrator, educator, and reformer who was important in the field of child-labour legislation. Abbott wrote articles on this subject as well as on maternity for the ...
- Abbott, Jacob
- American teacher and writer, best known for his many books for young readers. [1 Related Articles]
- Abbott, Lyman
- American Congregationalist minister and a leading exponent of the Social Gospel movement.
- Abbott, Peggy
- (from the article "Margaret Abbott: A Study Break") A wealthy young socialite, Margaret ("Peggy") Abbott spent the years 1899 to 1902 living in Paris with her mother, the novelist Mary Abbott. There the 22-year-old Margaret studied art, took ...
- Abbott, Robert
- (from the article "eleusis") card game invented by Robert Abbott and first described in Martin Gardner's "Mathematical Games" column in Scientific American (July 1959). A more-refined version appeared in Abbott's
- Abbott, Robert S.
- (from the article "Chicago Defender") Founded in 1905 by Robert S. Abbott, the Chicago Defender originally was a four-page weekly newspaper. Like the white-owned Hearst and Pulitzer newspapers, the
- Abbott, Sir John
- lawyer, statesman, and prime minister of Canada from 1891 to 1892.
- Abbottabad
- city, east-central North-West Frontier Province, northern Pakistan. It is situated 38 miles (61 km) northeast of Rawalpindi. A hill station (4,120 feet [1,256 metres]), it lies on a plateau at ...
- Abbou, Mohammed
- (from the article "Tunisia") ...in 2007 to protest their confinement. At the end of July, however, 22 of those prisoners were released, most of them Renaissance Party members or sympathizers. They included Daniel Zarrouk ...
- abbreviation
- in communications (especially written), the process or result of representing a word or group of words by a shorter form of the word or phrase. Abbreviations take many forms and ... [4 Related Articles]
- ABC
- tabloid daily newspaper published in Madrid and long regarded as one of Spain's leading papers. It was founded as a weekly in 1903 by journalist Torcuato Luca de Tena y ...
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