(from the article "Danaus") in Greek legend, son of Belus, king of Egypt, and twin brother of Aegyptus. Driven out of Egypt by his brother, he fled with his 50 daughters (the Danaids) to ...
foreign minister (1906-12) of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy, whose direction of the latter's annexation of Bosnia and Hercegovina (1908) provoked an international crisis. (See Bosnian crisis of 1908.) [5 Related Articles]
Anglo-Saxon prose writer, considered the greatest of his time. He wrote both to instruct the monks and to spread the learning of the 10th-century monastic revival. His Catholic Homilies, written ... [5 Related Articles]
city founded in AD 135 by the Romans on the ruins of Jerusalem, which their forces, under Titus, had destroyed in AD 70. The name was given, after the Second ... [1 Related Articles]
Roman author and teacher of rhetoric, who spoke and wrote so fluently in Greek-in which language his works were written-that he was nicknamed "Meliglottos" ("Honey-tongued"). [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "ancient Rome") ...interests and in part because the plebeians benefited from Rome's great successes abroad under senatorial leadership. Yet senatorial fear of unbridled popular legislative power is perceptible in the Aelian and ...
Anglo-Saxon ruler who is credited with the foundation of the kingdom of the South Saxons, or Sussex. Aelle is said to have landed near Selsey Bill (in modern West Sussex, ... [1 Related Articles]
first king of Deira in northern England, whose people threw off the Bernician overlordship upon the death of Ida, king of Bernicia. Aelle became king, apparently in 559, while Ida's ...
(from the article "tapestry") ...painting. The decisive step, which was to bring about the subordination of weaving to painting for more than 400 years in the art of tapestry, was taken when Pope Leo ...
(from the article "Roman road system") ...the 2nd century BC, four other great roads radiated outward from Rome: the Via Aurelia, extending northwest to Genua (Genoa); the Via Flaminia, running north to the Adriatic, where it ...
mythical hero of Troy and Rome, son of the goddess Aphrodite and Anchises. Aeneas was a member of the royal line at Troy and cousin of Hector. He played a ... [13 Related Articles]
(from the article "ancient Greek civilization") ...leaders. (In comparable fashion Isocrates offered advice on kingship to the semi-Hellenized rulers of Cyprus.) The surviving treatise on siege-craft by Aeneas of Stymphalus in Arcadia (known as Aeneas Tacticus) ...
philosopher and dialectician of the Greek Academy who revived the Pyrrhonian principle of "suspended judgment" (epoche) as a practical solution to the vexing and "insoluble" problem of knowledge. In his ... [2 Related Articles]
(from Aeolus, the Greek god of the winds), a type of box zither on which sounds are produced by the movement of wind over its strings. It is made of ...
(from the article "diatonic") ...harmony. Diatonic harmony arose gradually, in the form of numerous exceptions to the rules of the church modes. In the 16th century the humanist Henricus Glareanus proposed two additional modes, ...
(from the article "Harrison, G Donald") Harrison left Willis in 1927 to join the Aeolian-Skinner Organ Company of Boston, a company with which he remained for 29 years. In 1933 he became technical director of the ...
(from the article "Western architecture") The more exotic Ionic order of eastern Greece was slower to determine its forms; the order developed through the so-called Aeolic capital with vertically springing volutes, or spiral ornaments, to ...
in Asiatic Aeolis, including the island of Lesbos, where Aeolian colonists from the mainland founded their cities. West Thessalian and especially Boeotian varieties of Aeolic were influenced by the neighbouring ... [1 Related Articles]
steam turbine invented in the 1st century AD by Heron of Alexandria and described in his Pneumatica. The aeolipile was a hollow sphere mounted so that it could turn on ... [3 Related Articles]
group of ancient cities on the west coast of Anatolia, which were founded at the end of the 2nd millennium BC by Greeks speaking an Aeolic dialect. The earliest settlements, ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "ape") ...forms, many of which are known only from fragmentary remains. The earliest-known hominoids are from Egypt and date from about 36.6 million years ago. Fossil genera include
(from the article "thrips") ...2 fossil families, Permothripidae and an undetermined family are, respectively, from Permian and Jurassic periods. Present families include the following.Oligocene (Baltic amber) to present. Worldwide. Antennae 9-segmented; ovipositor may ...
in Greek mythology, mythical king of Magnesia in Thessaly, the son of Hellen (the eponymous ancestor of the true Greeks, or Hellenes) and father of Sisyphus (the "most crafty of ...
in the works of Homer, controller of the winds and ruler of the floating island of Aeolia. Because his children met no one outside their own family, Aeolus allowed them ...
(Greek: "age," or "lifetime"), in Gnosticism and Manichaeism, one of the orders of spirits, or spheres of being, that emanated from the Godhead and were attributes of the nature of ... [1 Related Articles]
physicist who discovered (1756) pyroelectricity in the mineral tourmaline and published (1759) the first mathematical theory of electric and magnetic phenomena.
extinct genus of giant flightless birds found as fossils in Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene deposits on the island of Madagascar. The remains of Aepyornis are abundant. The several known species were ... [2 Related Articles]
ancient people of Italy originally inhabiting the region watered by the tributaries of the Avens River (modern Velino). Long hostile to Rome, they became especially menacing in the 5th century ...
(from the article "Anaximenes Of Miletus") Anaximenes substituted aer ("mist," "vapour," "air") for his predecessors' choices. His writings, which survived into the Hellenistic Age, no longer exist except in passages in the works of later authors. ...
(from the article "Celtic literature") The fili were powerful in early Irish society and were often arrogant, enforcing their demands by the threat of a lampoon (aer), a poet's curse that could ruin reputations and, ...
Irish international air carrier that originated as the national airline of Ireland and resulted from the combination of two government-owned companies: (1) Aer Lingus Teoranta, incorporated in 1936 and operating ...
treasury of ancient Rome, housed in the Temple of Saturn and the adjacent tabularium (record office) in the Forum. Under the republic (c. 509-27 BC) it was ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "aerarium") In AD 6 the emperor Augustus founded a second treasury, the aerarium militare (military treasury). The old treasury was thereafter known as aerarium Saturni, ...
(from the article "vinegar") ...amount of vinegar containing a mass of vinegar bacteria, called mother of vinegar, was added to start the reaction. One or two small air holes drilled above the liquid level ...
(from the article "cortex") The cortex often develops into a type of tissue called aerenchyma, which contains air spaces produced by separation, tearing, or dissolution of the cortex cell walls. Cortical cells in herbaceous ...
(from the article "Syrtis Major") ...as 1659, for it appears in a drawing of Mars of that date by Christiaan Huygens. It is an extensive regional slope elongated north to south that drops 4 km ...
organization that gathered together a group of young aviators and designers for the purpose of developing heavier-than-air flying machines. It was founded in 1907 and funded for slightly longer than ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "rocket and missile system") The United States began to deploy tactical air-to-surface guided missiles as a standard aerial munition in the late 1950s. The first of these was the AGM-12 (for aerial guided munition) ...
(from the article "locomotion") Aerial locomotion also encounters resistance from drag, but, because the viscosity and density of air are much less than those of water, drag is also less. The lamellar flow of ...
method of creating the illusion of depth, or recession, in a painting or drawing by modulating colour to simulate changes effected by the atmosphere on the colours of things seen ... [1 Related Articles]
technique of photographing the Earth's surface or features of its atmosphere or hydrosphere with cameras mounted on aircraft, rockets, or Earth-orbiting satellites and other spacecraft. [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "Central Intelligence Agency") ...carrying out technical operations (e.g., coordinating intelligence from reconnaissance satellites), and for supervising the monitoring of foreign media. During the Cold War, material gathered from aerial reconnaissance produced detailed information ...
(from the article "rocket and missile system") Britain, Germany, the Soviet Union, Japan, and the United States all developed airborne rockets for use against surface as well as aerial targets. These were almost invariably fin-stabilized because of ...
(from the article "root") Roots are not always underground. When they arise from the stem and either pass for some distance through the air before reaching the soil or remain hanging in the air, ...
(from the article "skiing") Somersaulting and other tricks were exhibited before World War I, but it was not until about 1950 that such stunts (aerials) were popularized by Norwegian Stein Eriksen, who won a ...
The realization of an 11-year-old girl's transcontinental flying dream and two more frustrating setbacks in the round-the-world hopes of a balloonist marked the year 1993 for better and worse ...
(from the article "circus") ...That same year another Frenchman, Jean-Francois Gravelet (stage name "Blondin"), crossed Niagara Falls on a tightrope. These events excited public interest in the work of the aerial gymnast and acrobat. ...
(from the article "Dandakaranya") ...reservoir; wood-working centres at Jagdalpur, Boregaon, and Umerkote; and roads and railways in the refugee resettlement areas, including the Bolangir-Kozilum railway project. The Aero-Engine Factory, mainly producing aircraft engines, is ...
(from the article "aerobatics") Pilots perform their sequences in the "aerobatic box," an imaginary cube of airspace whose sides measure 1,000 metres (3,300 feet), with a minimum lower safety limit below which pilots may ...
maneuvers in which an aircraft is flown under precise control in unusual attitudes (the position of an aircraft determined by the relationship between its axes and a reference such as ...
an organism able to live and reproduce only in the presence of free oxygen (e.g., certain bacteria and certain yeasts). Organisms that grow in the absence of free oxygen are ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Van Allen, James A.") ...Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, Silver Spring, Md. He supervised the testing and use of captured German V-2 rockets for upper atmosphere exploration and assisted in the development of the ...
(from the article "protozoan") Most species of free-living protozoa appear to be obligate aerobes; that is, they cannot survive without oxygen. As in the cells of higher organisms, their respiration is based on the ...
(from the article "bacteria") ...cell from respiration, a process in which the electrons from molecules of sugar are transferred not to another organic molecule but to an inorganic molecule. The most familiar respiratory process ...
(from the article "respiration, human") ...to the muscles' needs occur up to a limit that is twice as high in the athlete as in the untrained individual. This range of possible oxidative metabolism from rest ...
system of physical conditioning that increases the efficiency of the body's intake of oxygen, thereby stimulating the cardiovascular system, developing endurance, and reducing body fat. Increased energy, lower blood pressure ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Mars Global Surveyor") After a 10-month journey, Mars Global Surveyor took up a highly elliptical orbit above Mars on September 12, 1997. It employed a technique known as aerobraking-using the drag of the ...
(from the article "air-cushion machine") ...those, more closely related to true aircraft, that require forward speed before the pressure differential can be generated. The former are classed as aerostatic craft (ACVs); the latter are called ...
branch of physics that deals with the motion of air and other gaseous fluids and with the forces acting on bodies passing through such a fluid. Aerodynamics seeks, in particular, ... [13 Related Articles]
(from the article "postal system") For individual correspondence, the most practical and inexpensive form of airmail remains the compact aerogram, which was introduced in Britain during World War II as a convenient way of writing ...
(from the article "augury") ...This book interprets the hexagram created by the tossing of yarrow stalks. Among the vast number of sources of augury, each with its own specialist jargon and ritual, were atmospheric ...
(from the article "Douhet, Giulio") Trained as an artillery officer, from 1912 to 1915 Douhet served as commander of the Aeronautical Battalion, Italy's first aviation unit (also the first to practice aerial bombardment, in Libya ...
(from the article "map") Aeronautical charts provide essential data for the pilot and air navigator. They are, in effect, small-scale topographic maps on which current information on aids to navigation have been superimposed. To ...
(from the article "map") ...Only when World War II brought requirements for the mapping of many foreign areas did the U.S. military become involved on a large scale, with the expansion of the Oceanographic ...
(from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...systems, there also exist several systems that permit the placement of telephone calls to the PSTN by passengers on commercial aircraft. These in-flight radiotelephones, known by the generic name aeronautical ...
(from the article "atmospheric science") ...land, and glaciers. For example, of the three topical areas, climatology would be the best equipped to provide a farmer with the most likely date of the first frost in ...
(from the article "Physical Sciences") ...relative to the Earth, the Sun, and radiation belts to help unravel where and when substorm disturbances in Earth's magnetosphere began. The mission also involved an array of ground stations. ...
any of a class of musical instruments in which a vibrating mass of air produces the initial sound. The basic types include woodwind, brass, and free-reed instruments, as well as ... [9 Related Articles]
(from the article "lepidopteran") ...which has the effect of timing the emergence of the larva to coincide with suitable conditions of weather and the growth of the food plant. Respiration in the egg is ...
American heavy metal band. One of the biggest arena-rock attractions of the late 1970s, Aerosmith became even more popular with its career revival in the mid-1980s. Principal members were lead ... [1 Related Articles]
a system of liquid or solid particles uniformly distributed in a finely divided state through a gas, usually air. Aerosol particles play an important role in the precipitation process, providing ... [12 Related Articles]
any package, usually a metal can or plastic bottle, designed to dispense its liquid contents as a mist or foam. This type of container was developed in 1941 by the ... [2 Related Articles]
field of engineering concerned with the design, development, construction, testing, and operation of vehicles operating in the Earth's atmosphere or in outer space. In 1958 the first definition of aerospace ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "aerospace industry") The interests of the U.S. aerospace industry are represented through the Aerospace Industries Association of America (AIA), an aerospace-industry-funded organization whose membership consists of the major companies in the field. ...
assemblage of manufacturing concerns that deal with vehicular flight within and beyond the Earth's atmosphere. (The term aerospace is derived from the words aeronautics and spaceflight.) The aerospace industry is ... [8 Related Articles]
specialized branch of medical science concerned with those medical problems encountered in human flight in the atmosphere (aviation medicine) and beyond the atmosphere (space medicine). [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "telemetry") Aerospace telemetry dates from the 1930s, with the development of the balloon-borne radiosonde, a device that automatically measures such meteorological data as temperature, barometric pressure, and humidity and that sends ...
(from the article "Airbus Industrie") ...Economique (GIE; "Grouping of Mutual Economic Interest"), a unique form of partnership instituted in French law in 1967. Originally, 50 percent of the funding came from France's Aerospatiale (later Aerospatiale ...
(from the article "air-cushion machine") ...differential irrespective of forward speed; and those, more closely related to true aircraft, that require forward speed before the pressure differential can be generated. The former are classed as aerostatic ...
(from the article "Albert Of Saxony") ...to that of the velocity of falling bodies, appreciating that the question was whether velocity was proportional to time or to space. He was also one of the first to ...
(from the article "military aircraft") ...and hydrogen balloons in 1783, they were adopted quickly for military duties. In 1793 the French Convention authorized formation of a military tethered-balloon organization, and a company of "Aerostiers" was ...
(from the article "Hembyze, Jan van") ...leading Calvinist preacher, Petrus Dathenus, Hembyze led some 2,000 troops and Calvinist townspeople in battle against their Catholic neighbours on Oct. 28, 1577. He arrested Philip de Croy, duke of ...
(from the article "coin") These aes signatum bars were halfway between aes rude and true coinage. In 269 true coinage appeared. It consisted of aes grave, large circular cast coins of bronze all bearing ...
(from the article "coin") ...silver coinage, as well as with bronze stamped with the device of cattle. Roman historical tradition, however, seriously confused the elements of the true picture. Rough, unworked lumps of bronze ...
(from the article "coin") ...of tresviri (a board of three officials) who should be aeris flatores ("bronze melters"); and this mint (in the temple of Juno Moneta) did not yet produce true coins but ...
Athenian orator who advocated peace with Philip II of Macedonia and who was a bitter political opponent of the statesman Demosthenes. [4 Related Articles]
the first of classical Athens' great dramatists, who raised the emerging art of tragedy to great heights of poetry and theatrical power. [10 Related Articles]
(from the article "rat snake") ...the four-lined snake (E. quatuorlineata), which may be 1.8 m (about 6 feet) long. It ranges from Italy to the Caucasus and Turkey and is grayish, with two dorsal and ...
(from the article "Sapindales") Hippocastanaceae had only two genera of trees and shrubs. Aesculus (horse chestnuts and buckeyes), with about 13 deciduous species, has an interrupted distribution in temperate forests from western and eastern ...
(from the article "angel and demon") ...Nasatya), Tauru (difficult to identify), and Zairi (the personification of Haoma, the sacred drink related to the sacrifices of both ahuras and daevas). Among other demonic figures is Aeshma (violence, ...
in Scandinavian mythology, either of two main groups of deities, four of whom were common to the Germanic nations: Odin (q.v.), chief of the Aesir; Frigg (q.v.), Odin's wife; Tyr ... [7 Related Articles]
the supposed author of a collection of Greek fables, almost certainly a legendary figure. Various attempts were made in ancient times to establish him as an actual personage. Herodotus in ... [9 Related Articles]
most eminent of the Roman tragedians, contemporary and intimate friend of Cicero, whom he instructed in elocution, and regarded by Horace as the equal of the great Roman comic actor ...
the frame of reference that an artist creates by the use of technical devices in and around the work of art to differentiate it psychologically from reality. German playwright Bertolt ...
