| | - adult stem cell
- (from the article "stem cell") Some tissues in the adult body, such as the epidermis of the skin, the lining of the small intestine, and bone marrow, undergo continuous cellular turnover. They contain stem cells, ...
- adultery
- sexual relations between a married person and someone other than the spouse. Written or customary prohibitions or taboos against adultery constitute part of the marriage code of virtually every society. ... [3 Related Articles]
- adulthood
- the period in the human lifespan in which full physical and intellectual maturity have been attained. Adulthood is commonly thought of as beginning at age 20 or 21 years. Middle ... [5 Related Articles]
- Adur
- district, administrative county of West Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. It is named for the River Adur, which cuts through the chalk ridge of the South Downs via an ...
- Adur, River
- (from the article "Shoreham-by-Sea") port in Adur district, administrative county of West Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. It lies along the English Channel at the mouth of the River Adur, between the seaside ...
- Adur-Anahid
- (from the article "Iran, ancient") The ancestors of Ardashir had played a leading role in the rites of the fire temple at Istakhr, known as Adur-Anahid, the Anahid Fire. With the new dynasty having these ...
- Advaita
- (from the article "Caitanya sect") Caitanya was neither a theologian nor a writer, and organization of his followers was initially left up to his close companions, Nityananda and Advaita. These three are called the three ...
- Advaita
- (Sanskrit: "Nondualism," or "Monism"), most influential of the schools of Vedanta, an orthodox philosophy of India. While its followers find its main tenets already fully expressed in the Upanisads and ... [11 Related Articles]
- Advance Australia Fair
- national anthem of Australia, adopted on April 19, 1984. It was first officially proposed in 1974 to replace "God Save the Queen," which had been the national anthem from 1788 ...
- Advance Publications Inc.
- (from the article "Newhouse family") ...With the profits he made from the Advance, he bought other small, undistinguished, unprofitable newspapers in New York and New Jersey and turned them around. In 1949 he renamed his ...
- advance-slope method
- (from the article "tunnels and underground excavations") ...to fill any voids and to establish full contact between lining and ground. The method usually produces progress in the range of 40 to 120 feet per day. In the ...
- advanced ceramics
- substances and processes used in the development and manufacture of ceramic materials that exhibit special properties. [3 Related Articles]
- Advanced Development Projects
- (from the article "Lockheed Martin Corporation") ...continuous production throughout the war. In 1943, under the leadership of the aircraft engineer and designer Clarence L. ("Kelly") Johnson, Lockheed established a highly secret section, Advanced Development Projects (ADP), ...
- Advanced Encryption Standard
- (from the article "cryptology") ...necessity of entering a PIN to initiate the transaction. Smart cards are in widespread use throughout Europe, much more so than the "dumb" plastic cards common in the United States. ...
- advanced gas-cooled reactor
- (from the article "nuclear reactor") The advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) was developed in Britain as the successor to reactors of the Calder Hall class, which combined plutonium production and power generation. Calder Hall was the ...
- Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") Meanwhile, chip manufacturers Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) and Intel continued their competition to put the most processors on a single chip. AMD released its latest Opteron chips-for computer servers-which each ...
- advanced mobile phone system
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") During this time the American cellular radio system, known as the advanced mobile phone system, or AMPS, was developed primarily by AT&T and Motorola, Inc. AMPS was based on 666 ...
- Advanced Photon Source
- (from the article "Argonne National Laboratory") ...houses several major research facilities that are available for collaborative and interdisciplinary use by government, academic, and industrial scientists. Four of these facilities-the Advanced Photon Source (APS), the Intense Pulsed ...
- Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
- (from the article "The Virtual World of Online Gaming") ...typical of the current generation of PC games, online gaming had its roots in some of the earliest computing technologies. By the late 1970s, many universities in the United States ...
- advanced structural ceramics
- ceramic materials that demonstrate enhanced mechanical properties under demanding conditions. Because they serve as structural members, often being subjected to mechanical loading, they are given the name structural ceramics. Ordinarily, ...
- Advanced Study, Institute for
- (from the article "computer") ...Preliminary Discussion of the Logical Design of an Electronic Digital Computing Instrument, produced by a group working under the direction of mathematician John von Neumann of the Institute for Advanced ...
- Advanced Train Control System
- (from the article "railroad") ...is more difficult than in Europe, because block sections are much longer. To overcome the problem, the principal railroads of the United States and Canada combined in the 1980s to ...
- Advanced Visual Studies at MIT, Center for
- (from the article "Kepes, Gyorgy") ...(later the Institute of Design) in Chicago. He moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge in 1946, where he taught visual design until 1974. In 1967 Kepes ...
- advancing longwall method
- (from the article "coal mining") ...method, is the most commonly used in the United States. In this method the block is developed to its boundary first, and then the block is mined back toward the ...
- Advani, Lal Kishanchand
- (from the article "India") ...of the mosque, which Muslims considered one of their oldest and most sacred places. India's police were thus ordered to stop the more than one million Hindus marching toward Ayodhya, ...
- advantageous heterozygosity
- (from the article "consanguinity") In heterozygous form, with no adverse influence on the individual who carries them, recessive alleles retain the potential of causing future deaths from inherited disease. In effect, the death of ...
- advection
- in atmospheric science, change in a property of a moving mass of air because the mass moves to a region where the property has a different value (e.g., the change ... [2 Related Articles]
- advection fog
- (from the article "fog") Advection fog is formed by the slow passage of relatively warm, moist, stable air over a colder wet surface. It is common at sea whenever cold and warm ocean currents ...
- Advent
- (from Latin adventus, "coming"), in the Christian church calendar, the period of preparation for the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ at Christmas and also of preparation for the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Advent calendar
- (from the article "Christmas") ...a fir wreath with 24 candles (the 24 days before Christmas, starting December 1), but the awkwardness of having so many candles on the wreath reduced the number to four. ...
- Advent Christian Church
- one of several Adventist churches that evolved from the teachings in the late 1840s of William Miller. It was organized in 1860. Doctrinal emphasis is placed on the anticipated Second ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adventist
- member of any one of a group of Protestant Christian churches that trace their origin to the United States in the mid-19th century and that are distinguished by their emphasis ... [2 Related Articles]
- adventitia
- (from the article "renal system") The wall of the ureter has three layers, the adventitia, or outer layer; the intermediate, muscular layer; and the lining, made up of mucous membrane. The adventitia consists of fibroelastic ...
- adventitious root
- (from the article "angiosperm") The second type of root system, the adventitious root system, differs from the primary variety in that the primary root is short-lived and is replaced within a short time by ...
- adventitious shoot
- (from the article "malformation") An extreme example of adventitious shoot formation is found in Begonia phyllomaniaca after shock. In this instance, small plantlets develop spontaneously in incredible numbers from the superficial cell layers of ...
- adventure playground
- (from the article "playground") A more recent trend in playground design is the "adventure" playground. Inspired by Scandinavian and British playground reformers, this design attempts to allow for a child-oriented perspective in play; children ...
- adverb
- (from the article "Romance languages") Originally a compounding process, the most common method of forming adverbs from adjectives (suffixing of Latin mente 'mind') has become in most languages a morphological process, although Spanish and Portuguese ...
- adversary procedure
- in law, one of the two methods of exposing evidence in court (the other being the inquisitorial procedure; q.v.). [4 Related Articles]
- adverse possession
- in Anglo-American property law, holding of property under some claim of right with the knowledge and against the will of one who has a superior ownership interest in the property. ... [4 Related Articles]
- advertising agency
- (from the article "marketing") Advertising agencies are responsible for initiating, managing, and implementing paid marketing communications. In addition, some agencies have diversified into other types of marketing communications, including public relations, sales promotion, interactive ...
- advertising coloration
- in animals, the use of biological coloration to make an organism unique and highly visible as compared with the background, thereby providing easily perceived information as to its location, identity, ... [1 Related Articles]
- ADVERTISING: Infomercials
- In 1964 a gadget inventor and salesman named Ron Popeil started a company named Ronco and became instrumental in creating the television infomercial industry in the U.S. Poised between superficial ...
- Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies
- (from the article "education") ...was growing uneasiness among the Africans, the missions, the governors, and the administrators, the necessity of a precise policy on education was imposed on the British authorities. In 1925 an ...
- Advisory Committee on Uranium
- (from the article "nuclear weapon") ...developed by Nazi Germany alarmed many scientists and was drawn to the attention of U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt by Albert Einstein, then living in the United States. The president ...
- advisory opinion
- in law, the opinion of a judge, a court, or a law official, such as an attorney general, upon a question of law raised by a public official or legislative ...
- advocacy poll
- (from the article "public opinion") ...discourse about some significant social or scientific issue. The results of such potentially biased surveys are frequently released to the media in order to magnify their impact, a practice known ...
- advocate
- in law, a person who is professionally qualified to plead the cause of another in a court of law. As a technical term, advocate is used mainly in those legal ... [5 Related Articles]
- advocate general
- (from the article "Scotland") ...lord advocate also serves as Scotland's public prosecutor. Both are appointed by the British monarch on the recommendation of the first minister and with the approval of the Scottish Parliament. ...
- Advocate of Moral Reform
- American periodical that, between 1835 and about 1845, campaigned to rescue women who were victims of moral and physical corruption and to reassert woman's centrality to family life.
- Advocates, Faculty of
- the members of the bar of Scotland. Barristers are the comparable group in England. The faculty grew out of the Scots Act of 1532, which established the Court of Session ...
- Advokat
- (from the article "advocate") ...cases was done by avoues; today this distinction exists only before the appellate courts. In Germany, until the distinction between counselor and pleader was abolished in 1879, the Advokat was ...
- Adwa
- town, northern Ethiopia. Adwa lies on the east-west highway between Aksum and Adi Grat at its junction with the road north to Asmara (Asmera), in Eritrea. Adwa is a market ...
- Adwa, Battle of
- (March 1, 1896), military clash at Adwa, in north-central Ethiopia, between the Ethiopian army of King Menilek II and Italian forces. The decisive Ethiopian victory checked Italy's attempt to build ... [6 Related Articles]
- Adwick le Street
- town, Doncaster metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, north-central England, historic county of Yorkshire, England. The town derives its name from the great north British Roman routeway, Ermine Street. ...
- Ady, Endre
- one of Hungary's greatest lyric poets. [1 Related Articles]
- Adygea
- republic, southwestern Russia. It extends from the Kuban River south to the Caucasus foothills. Adygea was established as an oblast (province) in 1922 for the Adyghian people, ...
- Adyghian
- (from the article "Adygea") ...southwestern Russia. It extends from the Kuban River south to the Caucasus foothills. Adygea was established as an oblast (province) in 1922 for the Adyghian people, one ...
- Adyghian language
- (from the article "Caucasian languages") The Abkhazo-Adyghian group consists of the Abkhaz, Abaza, Adyghian, Kabardian, and Ubykh languages. Adyghians and Kabardians are often considered members of a larger, Circassian group. Abkhaz, with about 90,000 speakers, ...
- adynaton
- a kind of hyperbole in which the exaggeration is so great that it refers to an impossibility, as in the following lines from Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress":Had we ...
- adyr
- (from the article "Fergana Valley") ...of a thick bed of deposits brought down from the surrounding mountains. At the foot of the latter, and separated from them in places by a depression, is a belt ...
- adz
- hand tool for shaping wood. One of the earliest tools, it was widely distributed in Stone Age cultures in the form of a handheld stone chipped to form a blade. ... [6 Related Articles]
- Adzhubei, Alexei
- (from the article "Izvestiya") ...to a circulation of 354,000 in 1924 and 1,500,000 by 1932. Restrictions during World War II and under Joseph Stalin slowed its growth, but under the editorship of Nikita Khrushchev's ...
- adzuki bean
- (from the article "agriculture, origins of") ...They also raised crops not grown initially in China. A clearly domesticated soybean (Glycine max) was grown by 3000 BP in either northeast China or Korea. The ...
- AE
- poet, artist, and mystic, a leading figure in the Irish literary renaissance of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Russell took his pseudonym from a proofreader's query about his ... [2 Related Articles]
- AEA June Bug
- biplane designed, built, and tested by members of the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA) in 1908. For a table of pioneer aircraft, see history of flight. [2 Related Articles]
- Aeacidae
- (from the article "Epirus") ...5th century Epirus was still on the periphery of the Greek world. To the 5th-century historian Thucydides, the Epirotes were "barbarians." The only Epirotes regarded as Greek were the Aeacidae, ...
- Aeacus
- in Greek mythology, son of Zeus and Aegina, the daughter of the river god Asopus; Aeacus was the father of Telamon and Peleus. His mother was carried off by Zeus ... [2 Related Articles]
- Aechmea
- genus of epiphytes (plants that are supported by other plants and have aerial roots exposed to the humid atmosphere) of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), with more than 180 species distributed ...
- aecium
- a cluster-cup or fruiting body of certain rust fungi (phylum Basidiomycota, kingdom Fungi). Yellow to orange in colour, aecia develop after fertilization and bear one-celled spores (aeciospores, or aecidiospores). Aecia ...
- Aedde
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...advance of the West Saxons by capturing the Isle of Wight and the mainland opposite and giving them to his godson, Aethelwalh of Sussex. Yet Wulfhere's reign ended in disaster; ...
- aedeagus
- (from the article "apterygote") ...and surrounding area differ. In diplurans external genitalia are absent or vestigial. Thysanurans and archaeognathans have external genitalia similar to those of the pterygotes. However, the aedeagus in males is ...
- Aedes
- (from the article "mosquito") The genus Aedes carries yellow fever, dengue, and encephalitis. Like Culex, it holds its body parallel to the surface with the proboscis bent down. The wings are uniformly coloured. Aedes ...
- Aedes aegypti
- (from the article "dengue") The carrier incriminated throughout most endemic areas is the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The Asian tiger mosquito, A. albopictus, is another prominent carrier of the virus. A mosquito becomes infected ...
- Aedes canadensis
- (from the article "dormancy") ...the mosquito Aedes vexans, for example, remain in diapause until the damp soil on which the eggs are laid is flooded to form a pool suitable for the larvae. The ...
- Aedes vexans
- (from the article "dormancy") ...its normal activities. In other species, favourable environmental conditions alone do not break the diapause; some other stimulus, such as cold or food, is necessary. The eggs of the mosquito ...
- Aedesius
- (from the article "Frumentius, Saint") A student of philosophy from Tyre, Frumentius and a colleague, Aedesius, were captured by Ethiopians in about 340. They became civil servants at the court of the Aksumite king Ezana, ...
- Aedesius
- Greek philosopher whose ideas had their roots in Neoplatonism, a school of philosophy that grew out of the Idealism of Plato. [3 Related Articles]
- aedicula
- (from the article "Rome") ...the papacy's troubled centuries. St. Peter's was built over the traditional burial place of the Apostle from whom all popes claim succession. The spot was marked by a three-niched monument ...
- aedile
- (from Latin aedes, "temple"), magistrate of ancient Rome who originally had charge of the temple and cult of Ceres. At first the aediles were two officials of the plebeians, created ... [2 Related Articles]
- Aedon
- in Greek mythology, a daughter of Pandareus of Ephesus. According to Homer (Book XIX of the Odyssey), she was the wife of Zethus, who with his brother ...
- Aedui
- Celtic tribe of central Gaul (occupying most of what was later the French region of Burgundy), chiefly responsible for the diplomatic situation exploited by Julius Caesar when ... [4 Related Articles]
- Aeetes
- (from the article "Argonaut") When the Argonauts finally reached Colchis, they found that the king, Aeetes, would not give up the fleece until Jason yoked the king's fire-snorting bulls to a plow and plowed ...
- AEG AG
- former German electronics and electrical-equipment company. As one of Germany's leading industrial companies through much of the 19th and 20th centuries, AEG manufactured products for industrial and domestic use. [5 Related Articles]
- Aega
- (from the article "Clovis II") Merovingian Frankish king of Neustria and Burgundy from 639, the son of Dagobert I. He was dominated successively by Aega and by Erchinoald, Neustrian mayors of the palace. In about ...
- Aegean civilizations
- the Stone and Bronze Age civilizations that arose and flourished in the area of the Aegean Sea in the periods, respectively, about 7000-3000 BC and about 3000-1000 BC. [16 Related Articles]
- Aegean Islands
- (from the article "Greece, history of") The islands of the Aegean remained largely in imperial hands. In late antiquity they had been relatively heavily populated, the larger ones among them-especially Lemnos and Thasos in the north-being ...
- Aegean Sea
- an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, located between the Greek peninsula on the west and Asia Minor on the east. About 380 miles (612 km) long and 186 miles (299 ... [3 Related Articles]
- Aegeus
- (from the article "Aethra") in Greek mythology, daughter of King Pittheus of Troezen and mother of Theseus. Thinking to help fulfill the prophecy of the Oracle at Delphi regarding how the childlessness of King ...
- Aegilops
- genus of grasses (order Poales) that has become an agricultural contaminant. Members of the genus grow with wheat, mature at the same time, and, unless care is taken, are harvested ...
- Aegilops speltoides
- (from the article "Poaceae") ...(2n = 21). An example of a domesticated diploid wheat is einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum), one of the earliest domesticated wheat species. Hybridization of a diploid wheat with Aegilops speltoides ...
- Aegilops tauschii
- (from the article "Poaceae") ...macaroni wheat (T. durum), a major commercial wheat species. The development of bread wheat (T. aestivum), a hexaploid wheat, involved the hybridization of a tetraploid wheat with A. tauschii, a ...
- Aegina
- (from the article "Aeacus") in Greek mythology, son of Zeus and Aegina, the daughter of the river god Asopus; Aeacus was the father of Telamon and Peleus. His mother was carried off by Zeus ...
- Aegina
- island, one of the largest in the Saronic group of Greece, about 16 miles (26 km) south-southwest of Piraeus. With an area of about 32 square miles (83 square km), ... [2 Related Articles]
- aegirine
- a pyroxene mineral, sodium and iron silicate (NaFe+3Si2O6), that is commonly found in alkaline igneous rocks, particularly in syenites and syenite pegmatites. It also occurs in crystalline schists. Aegirine forms ... [2 Related Articles]
- aegirine-augite
- (from the article "aegirine") ...that is commonly found in alkaline igneous rocks, particularly in syenites and syenite pegmatites. It also occurs in crystalline schists. Aegirine forms a continuous chemical series with aegirine-augite, in which ...
- aegis
- in ancient Greece, leather cloak or breastplate generally associated with Zeus, the king of the gods, and thus thought to possess supernatural power. Zeus's daughter Athena adopted the aegis for ... [1 Related Articles]
- Aegisthus
- (from the article "Agamemnon") After the capture of Troy, Cassandra, Priam's daughter, fell to Agamemnon's lot in the distribution of the prizes of war. On his return he landed in Argolis, where Aegisthus, who ...
- Aegithalidae
- songbird family that includes the long-tailed tits (or titmice) of the Old World and the bushtits of North America. Both groups are sometimes considered subfamilies of the family Paridae (order ... [1 Related Articles]
- Aegospotami, Battle of
- (405 BC), naval victory of Sparta over Athens, final battle of the Peloponnesian War. The fleets of the two Greek rival powers faced each other in the Hellespont for four ... [3 Related Articles]
- Aegypiinae
- (from the article "vulture") The cinereous vulture, sometimes called the black vulture (Aegypius monachus), is one of the largest flying birds. It is about 1 metre (3.3 feet) long and 12.5 kg (27.5 pounds) ...
- Aegyptopithecus
- (from the article "ape") ...only from fragmentary remains. The earliest-known hominoids are from Egypt and date from about 36.6 million years ago. Fossil genera include Catopithecus and Aegyptopithecus, possible successive ancestors ...
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