| | - adhyatmavidya
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") The role of the sacred texts in the growth of Indian philosophy is different in each of the different systems. In those systems that may be called adhyatmavidya, or sciences ...
- adhyatmika
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") ...mythologies: the adhidaivata (pertaining to the deities), the aitihasika (pertaining to the tradition), the adhiyajna (pertaining to the sacrifices), and the adhyatmika (pertaining to the spirit). Such interpretations apparently prevailed ...
- Adi
- (from the article "Himalayas") Arunachal Pradesh is the homeland of several groups-the Abor or Adi, Aka, Apa Tani, Dafla, Khampti, Khowa, Mishmi,...
- Adi Da
- (from the article "Adidam") a small religious movement grounded in the Hindu tradition. Founded in 1972 in California by Franklin Jones (born 1939), who changed his name to Adi Da (Sanskrit: "One Who Gives ...
- Adi Granth
- (Punjabi: "First Book"), the sacred scripture of Sikhism, a religion of India. The book (also known as Granth, or Granth Sahib ["The Granth Personified"]) is a collection of nearly 6,000 ... [9 Related Articles]
- Adi-Buddha
- among some sects of Mahayana Buddhism, the first, or self-existing, Buddha, from whom are said to have evolved the five Dhyani-Buddhas (see Dhyani-Buddha). Though the concept of an Adi-Buddha was ...
- adiabatic compressibility
- (from the article "fluid mechanics") ...changes when the pressure is changed by a small amount, and this is described by the compressibility of the fluid-either the isothermal compressibility, betaT, or the adiabatic compressibility, betaS, according ...
- adiabatic demagnetization
- process by which the removal of a magnetic field from certain materials serves to lower their temperature. This procedure, proposed by chemists Peter Debye (1926) and William Francis Giauque (independently, ...
- adiabatic expansion
- (from the article "fog") ...be helped by the absorption of certain soluble gases, notably sulfur dioxide to form dilute sulfuric acid. The relative humidity of the air can be increased by three processes: cooling ...
- adiabatic flow
- (from the article "fluid mechanics") ...is the relevant quantity. If virtually none of the heat escapes, as is more commonly the case in flow problems because the thermal conductivity of most fluids is poor, then ...
- adiabatic lapse rate
- (from the article "atmosphere") ...such as temperature or density, with increasing altitude) of temperature decreases at a rate greater than 1 °C per 100 metres (approximately 1 °F per 150 feet). This rate is ...
- adiabatic nuclear demagnetization
- (from the article "adiabatic demagnetization") Much lower temperatures can be attained by an analogous means called adiabatic nuclear demagnetization. This process relies on ordering (aligning) nuclear dipoles (arising from nuclear spins), which are at least ...
- adiabatic process
- in thermodynamics, change occurring within a system as a result of transfer of energy to or from the system in the form of work only. A rapid expansion or contraction ... [4 Related Articles]
- adiabatic temperature increase
- (from the article "ocean") ...may be observed to increase slightly with depth. This occurs when the deepest parts of the oceans are filled by water with a single temperature from a common source. This ...
- Adiabene
- petty kingdom that was a vassal state of the Parthian empire (247 BC-AD 224) in northern Mesopotamia (now Iraq). Its capital was Arba-ilu (Arbela; modern Irbil). In the 1st century ... [3 Related Articles]
- adiaphorism
- (from Greek adiaphora, "indifferent"), in Christian theology, the opinion that certain doctrines or practices in morals or religion are matters of indifference because they are neither commanded nor forbidden in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi
- Nigerian author whose work drew extensively on the Biafran war in Nigeria during the late 1960s. [4 Related Articles]
- Adidam
- a small religious movement grounded in the Hindu tradition. Founded in 1972 in California by Franklin Jones (born 1939), who changed his name to Adi Da (Sanskrit: "One Who Gives ...
- Adidas
- (from the article "Germany") ...adviser to Chancellor Schroder. A further scandal embroiled VW's operations in India, with accusations of bribery relating to the setting up of a plant in the country. Sportswear manufacturer Adidas ...
- Adiego Lajara, Ignacio
- (from the article "Anatolian languages") ...Egyptologist John Ray, who found several grammatical features suggesting that Carian is related to Hittite and Luwian and is part of the Anatolian group. His approach was successfully continued by ...
- Adige River
- longest stream of Italy after the Po River. The Adige rises in the north from two Alpine mountain lakes below Resia Pass and flows rapidly through the Venosta Valley south ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adikal, Ilanko, Prince
- (from the article "Silappathikaram") the earliest epic poem in Tamil, written in the 5th-6th century AD by Prince Ilanko Adikal (Ilango Adigal). Its plot is derived from a well-known story.
- Adil Shahi Dynasty
- (1489-1686), ruling family of the kingdom of Bijapur, India, one of the two principal successor states to the Muslim sultanate of Bahmani in the Deccan. The dynasty strongly resisted the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adilabad
- city, northern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It is an agricultural-trade centre 160 miles (260 km) north of Hyderabad, on the Nagpur-Hyderabad section of the Varanasi-Kanniyakumari National Highway. Nearby, at ...
- adion
- (from the article "electrochemical reaction") ...elementary positive charge. The adatoms therefore attract solvent molecules, and the species is partially solvated. This reaction justifies considering an adatom as a kind of adsorbed ion, called an adion, ...
- Adios
- (from the article "harness racing") Notable American horses included the trotter Greyhound in the 1930s, the pacers Adios in the 1940s and his son Adios Butler in the 1950s, the pacer Bret Hanover and the ...
- Adios Butler
- (from the article "harness racing") Notable American horses included the trotter Greyhound in the 1930s, the pacers Adios in the 1940s and his son Adios Butler in the 1950s, the pacer Bret Hanover and the ...
- adipic acid
- (from the article "Straight-chain dicarboxylic acids") ...five carbon atoms, behaves similarly to yield glutaric anhydride. These reactions produce five- and six-membered rings, respectively, which are in general the easiest ring sizes to produce. Because adipic (six ...
- adipose cell
- connective-tissue cell specialized to synthesize and contain large globules of fat. There are two types of adipose cells: white adipose cells contain large fat droplets, only a small amount of ... [3 Related Articles]
- adipose tissue
- (from the article "connective tissue") Some organs are suspended from the wall of a body cavity by thin sheets of connective tissue called mesenteries; others are embedded in adipose tissue, a form of connective tissue ...
- adipsia
- (from the article "endocrine system, human") There are two disorders in which this regulatory mechanism is dysfunctional. The first is termed adipsia (hypodipsia) and is a rare disorder in which the brain's thirst centre is damaged. ...
- Adirondack Anorthosite
- (from the article "anorthosite") ...of eastern Canada is underlain by anorthosite, the Saguenay Mass alone accounting for a tenth of this. The Morin Anorthosite in the same area occupies 2,600 square km (1,040 square ...
- Adirondack Forest Preserve
- (from the article "Adirondack Mountains") ...miles (24,300 square km), making it the largest American state or national park outside of Alaska. The park covers almost one-fifth of the state and is about the size of ...
- Adirondack Mountains
- mountains in northeastern New York state, U.S. They extend southward from the St. Lawrence River valley and Lake Champlain to the Mohawk River valley. The mountains are only sparsely settled, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Adirondack Park
- (from the article "Essex") ...and Boreas rivers and Schroon and Paradox lakes; Lake Tear of the Clouds is regarded as the source of the Hudson River. The county, in the heart of the Adirondack ...
- Adishi Gospels
- (from the article "painting, Western") The art of manuscript illumination flourished in Georgia from the 6th century onward, and numerous examples survive from all periods. Characteristic of the early works are two Gospel books, the ...
- adit
- a horizontal or near-horizontal passage driven from the Earth's surface into the side of a ridge or mountain for the purpose of working, ventilating, or removing water from a mine. [3 Related Articles]
- Aditi
- (Sanskrit: "The Boundless"), in the Vedic phase of Hindu mythology, the personification of the infinite, and mother of a group of celestial deities, the Adityas. As a primeval goddess, she ...
- Adityas
- (from the article "Aditi") (Sanskrit: "The Boundless"), in the Vedic phase of Hindu mythology, the personification of the infinite, and mother of a group of celestial deities, the Adityas. As a primeval goddess, she ...
- Adivar, Halide Edib
- novelist and pioneer in the emancipation of women in Turkey. [3 Related Articles]
- Adivasi
- (from the article "Dadra and Nagar Haveli") About four-fifths of the population consists of Adivasi tribal peoples, the most numerous being the Varli, Dhodia, and Konkan, speaking a variety of tribal dialects. Gujarati and Marathi also are ...
- Adiyaman
- (from the article "Adiyaman") ...Byzantines, Seljuq Turks, and the Turkmen Dulkadir dynasty after the Arabs, it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire near the end of the 14th century. Under the Turkish republic, it ...
- Adiyaman
- city located in a valley of southeastern Turkey. Founded in the 8th century by the Umayyad Arabs near the site of ancient Perre, Hisn Mansur was later fortified by Caliph ...
- Adja
- (from the article "Benin") ...of Porto-Novo the Goun (Gun) and the Yoruba (known in Pobe and Ketou as Nago, or Nagot) are so intermixed as to be hardly distinguishable. Among other southern groups are ...
- adjective
- (from the article "Albanian language") ...is that nouns are further inflected obligatorily with suffixes to show definite or indefinite meaning: e.g., buke "bread," buka "the bread." Adjectives-except numerals and certain quantifying expressions-and ...
- adjoint
- (from the article "Marseille") ...there are two "mini city halls" in each arrondissement. The city mayor is assisted by a local government of 27 adjoints, each with responsibility ...
- adjoint functor
- (from the article "mathematics, foundations of") Of special interest in foundations and elsewhere are adjoint functors (F,G). These are pairs of functors between two categories A and B, which go in opposite directions such that a ...
- adjournment
- (from the article "chess") In major events a game was usually adjourned after the first five-hour session of play and resumed at a later time. Critics said this gave a player an unfair chance ...
- adjudication
- (from the article "bankruptcy") ...the proceeds among the creditors. Various legal systems have vastly different approaches. The disparities relate mainly to the status of assets acquired by the bankrupt subsequent to his adjudication or ...
- adjunct
- (from the article "English language") ...Buchmesse. In French one has no choice but to construct a phrase involving the use of two prepositions: Foire du Livre de Francfort. In English it is now possible to ...
- adjustable square
- (from the article "hand tool") ...including a square with shoulders that allowed it also to cast a mitre of 45 degrees. Iron squares were rarely used before 1800, and factory-made metal squares did not appear ...
- adjustable wrench
- (from the article "wrench") The adjustable pipe, or stillson, wrench is used to hold or turn pipes or circular bars. This wrench has serrated jaws, one of which is pivoted on the handle to ...
- adjustment
- (from the article "contract") The law also allows contractual relations to be adjusted when they have been thrown out of balance by unforeseen circumstances. The task of adjustment is relatively easy in cases in ...
- adjustment
- in psychology, the behavioral process by which humans and other animals maintain an equilibrium among their various needs or between their needs and the obstacles of their environments. A sequence ... [3 Related Articles]
- adjustment mechanism
- (from the article "international payment and exchange") The international gold standard provided an automatic adjustment mechanism, that is, a mechanism that prevented any country from running large and persistent deficits or surpluses. It worked in the following ...
- adjutant stork
- (from the article "stork") The adjutant stork of India and southeastern Asia (Leptoptilos dubius), or adjutant bird, and the lesser adjutant (L. javanicus) are typical scavengers with naked pink skin on the head and ...
- adjuvant
- substance that enhances the effect of a particular medical treatment. Administration of one drug may enhance the effect of another. In anesthesia, for example, sedative drugs are customarily given before ...
- adjuvant chemotherapy
- (from the article "therapeutics") Adjuvant chemotherapy is the use of drugs to eradicate or suppress residual disease after surgery or irradiation has been used to treat the tumour. This is necessary because distant micrometastases ...
- Adkins v. Children's Hospital
- (1923), U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court invalidated a board established by Congress to set minimum wages for women workers in the District of Columbia. Congress in 1918 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adleman, Leonard
- (from the article "computer") In 1994 Leonard Adleman, a mathematician at the University of Southern California, demonstrated the first DNA computer by solving a simple example of what is known as the traveling salesman ...
- Adler, Alfred
- psychiatrist whose influential system of individual psychology introduced the term inferiority feeling, later widely and often inaccurately called inferiority complex. He developed a flexible, supportive psychotherapy to direct those emotionally ... [5 Related Articles]
- Adler, Buddy
- (from the article "1953: Best Picture") Other Nominees
- Adler, Cyrus
- scholar, educator, editor, and Conservative Jewish leader who had great influence on American Jewish life in his time. [1 Related Articles]
- Adler, Dankmar
- architect and engineer whose partnership with Louis Sullivan was perhaps the most famous and influential in American architecture. [3 Related Articles]
- Adler, Felix
- American educator and founder of the Ethical Movement. [1 Related Articles]
- Adler, Friedrich
- (from the article "Sturgkh, Karl, Count von") ...Having dissolved the Bohemian Landtag (provincial assembly) in 1913, he adjourned the Austrian Reichsrat in March 1914 and governed henceforth by decree, until he was shot by the left-wing socialist ...
- Adler, Guido
- Austrian musicologist and teacher who was one of the founders of modern musicology.
- Adler, Jacob P.
- (from the article "Adler, Sara") ...forbidden. Early the next year the Heine troupe immigrated to the United States, where Sara soon gained a following in the Yiddish theatre in New York City. In 1890 she ...
- Adler, Kurt
- Austrian-born American conductor and administrator who transformed the San Francisco Opera into one of the nation's leading opera companies.
- Adler, Larry
- American harmonica player generally considered to be responsible for the elevation of the mouth organ to concert status in the world of classical music. [1 Related Articles]
- Adler, Lawrence James
- Hungarian-born Australian businessman, founder of the Fire and All Risks Insurance Co. (later renamed FAI Insurance, Ltd.) and one of the 10 richest men in the country.
- Adler, Lou
- (from the article "Lou Adler") Although he lacked the signature sound of Phil Spector or Brian Wilson, Lou Adler was an important catalyst for the new folk-rock sound of California. After working with Herb Alpert ...
- Adler, Mortimer J.
- American philosopher, educator, editor, and advocate of adult and general education by study of the great writings of the Western world. [2 Related Articles]
- Adler, Nathan Marcus
- chief rabbi of the British Empire, who founded Jews' College and the United Synagogue.
- Adler, Oskar
- (from the article "Schoenberg, Arnold") ...which he played with his teacher or with a cousin. A little later, when he acquired a viola-playing classmate, he advanced to the writing of string trios for two violins ...
- Adler, Renata
- Italian-born American journalist, experimental novelist, and film critic best known for her analytic essays and reviews for The New Yorker magazine and for her 1986 book that investigates the news ...
- Adler, Robert
- Austrian-born American physicist as head of the research division of Zenith Radio Corp. (now Zenith Electronics), invented the first practical wireless remote control device for the television set. Adler's ...
- Adler, Sara
- Russian-born American actress, one of the most celebrated figures in the American Yiddish theatre.
- Adler, Stella
- American actress, teacher, and founder of the Stella Adler Conservatory of Acting in New York City (1949), where she tutored performers in "the method" technique of acting (see Stanislavsky method).
- Adler, Victor
- Austrian Social Democrat, founder of a party representing all the nationalities of Austria-Hungary. [1 Related Articles]
- Adlersparre, Georg, Greve
- political and social reformer who was a leader of the 1809 coup d'etat that overthrew Sweden's absolutist king Gustav IV.
- Admetus
- in Greek legend, son of Pheres, king of Pherae in Thessaly. Having sued for the hand of Alcestis, the most beautiful of the daughters of Pelias, king of Iolcos in ...
- Administration of Justice Act
- (from the article "Intolerable Acts") The third, the Administration of Justice Act, was aimed at protecting British officials charged with capital offenses during law enforcement by allowing them to go to England or another colony ...
- Administration of Justice Act
- (from the article "Middlesex") ...lies in the metropolitan county of Greater London, the urban districts of Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames lie within the administrative county of Surrey, and Potters Bar in Hertfordshire. Under the Administration ...
- Administration, Directorate of
- (from the article "Central Intelligence Agency") The Directorate of Administration is responsible for the CIA's finances and personnel matters. It also contains the Office of Security, which is responsible for the security of personnel, facilities, and ...
- administrative budget
- (from the article "government budget") The traditional administrative budget contains the executive's recommendations concerning the raising of what Magna Carta referred to as "scutage or aid" and the disposal of it for purposes of government. ...
- administrative city
- (from the article "urban culture") Like ritual cities, administrative cities were the habitations of the state rulers. Their major cultural role was to serve as the locus of state administration. State offices and officers had ...
- administrative county
- (from the article "county") ...the Local Government Act of 1888 established county councils, with members elected by local residents, to take over the legislative and executive duties of the magistrates. The act also created ...
- administrative law
- the legal framework within which public administration is carried out. It derives from the need to create and develop a system of public administration under law, a concept that may ... [2 Related Articles]
- Administrative Procedure Act
- (from the article "civil service") To counter charges that the U.S. civil service was encroaching on the powers of the judiciary, the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 laid down detailed provisions to safeguard citizens' rights ...
- Administrative Staff College
- (from the article "employee training") ...the advanced management program for senior executives at the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, were already well established in the immediate postwar period. In Great Britain the Administrative Staff ...
- administrative tribunal
- (from the article "administrative law") ...and an ancient legal doctrine holds that "the king can do no wrong." Moreover, the development of state-provided social services has been accompanied by the creation of a large number ...
- admiral
- the title and rank of a senior naval officer, often referred to as a flag officer, who commands a fleet or group of ships of a navy or who holds ...
- admiral
- any of several butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae (order Lepidoptera) that are fast-flying and much prized by collectors for their coloration, which consists of black wings with white bands ... [1 Related Articles]
- Admiral carpet
- any of a number of 14th- or 15th-century carpets handwoven in Spain, probably at Letur or at Lietor in Murcia. The carpets were made with the Spanish knot, tied on ...
- Admiral's Cup
- racing trophy awarded to the winner of a biennial international competition among teams of sailing yachts; it was established in 1957 by the Royal Ocean Racing Club (RORC) of Great ... [1 Related Articles]
- Admiral's Men
- a theatrical company in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. About 1576-79 they were known as Lord Howard's Men, so called after their patron Charles Howard, 1st earl of Nottingham, 2nd Baron ... [4 Related Articles]
- Admiralty
- (from the article "Saint Petersburg") Much of St. Petersburg's historical and cultural heritage is concentrated on the Admiralty Side. The district centres on the Admiralty. This, the nucleus of Peter's original city, was reconstructed in ...
- Admiralty
- in Great Britain, until 1964, the government department that managed naval affairs. In that year the three service departments-the Admiralty, the War Office, and the Air Ministry-were abolished as separate ... [1 Related Articles]
- Admiralty Bay
- (from the article "Antarctica") ...International Polar Year. As part of the ATCM, the Committee on Environmental Protection also held its ninth meeting. The committee approved a new Antarctic Specially Managed Area to be located ...
- admiralty brass
- (from the article "brass") ...zinc, added to improve physical and mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, or machinability or to modify colour. Among these are the lead brasses, which are more easily machined; the naval and ...
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