| | - Adams
- county, southern Pennsylvania, U.S., mostly consisting of a piedmont region bordered by Maryland to the south and the Blue Ridge Mountains to the west and north. The principal waterways are ...
- Adams
- town (township), Berkshire county, northwestern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies at the foot of Mount Greylock (3,491 feet [1,064 metres]), on the Hoosic River, 15 miles (24 km) north of Pittsfield. ...
- Adams family
- Massachusetts family with deep roots in American history whose members made major contributions to the nation's political and intellectual life for more than 150 years. [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Abigail
- American first lady (1797-1801), the wife of John Adams, second president of the United States, and mother of John Quincy Adams, sixth president of the United States. She was a ... [4 Related Articles]
- Adams, Ansel
- the most important landscape photographer of the 20th century. He is also perhaps the most widely known and beloved photographer in the history of the United States; the popularity of ... [5 Related Articles]
- Adams, Basil Albert
- (from the article "ion-exchange reaction") A big improvement in ion-exchange technology came in 1935, when the first ion-exchange resins were discovered by the English chemists Basil Albert Adams and Eric Leighton Holmes. The resins were ...
- Adams, Brooks
- historian who questioned the success of democracy in the U.S. and who related the march of civilization to the westward movement of trade centres. [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Charles Follen
- U.S. regional humorous poet, best known for his Pennsylvania German dialect poems.
- Adams, Charles Francis
- U.S. diplomat who played an important role in keeping Britain neutral during the U.S. Civil War (1861-65) and in promoting the arbitration of the important "Alabama" claims. [3 Related Articles]
- Adams, Charles Francis, III
- American lawyer and businessman, government official, yachtsman, and philanthropist who made Harvard University one of the most abundantly endowed academic institutions. [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Charles Francis, Jr.
- (from the article "Adams family") ...who served as secretary of the navy during the presidential administration of Herbert Hoover-subsequent generations of the Adams family refrained from participation in public life. Charles Francis Adams, Jr. (1835-1915), ...
- Adams, Charles Kendall
- teacher and historian who introduced the European seminar method to U.S. universities.
- Adams, Diana
- U.S. ballerina (b. March 29, 1926, Staunton, Va.--d. Jan. 10, 1993, San Andreas, Calif.), captivated audiences with her radiant beauty and spellbinding dramatic interpretations while performing with Ballet Theatre (now ...
- Adams, Don
- American actor and comedian (b. April 13, 1923, New York, N.Y.-d. Sept. 25, 2005, Los Angeles, Calif.), portrayed the bumbling Maxwell Smart, Agent 86, in 138 episodes of the television ...
- Adams, Douglas
- British comic writer whose works satirize contemporary life through a luckless protagonist who deals ineptly with societal forces beyond his control. Adams is best known for the mock science-fiction series ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Eddie
- American photojournalist (b. June 12, 1933, New Kensington, Pa.-d. Sept. 19, 2004, New York, N.Y.), won hundreds of awards during his 45-year career and counted 13 wars among the events ...
- Adams, Edie
- American singer was a sultry blonde beauty who served as the comic foil for her husband, Ernie Kovacs, in his TV comedy-show sketches; she also spent more than two decades ...
- Adams, Franklin Pierce
- U.S. newspaper columnist, translator, poet, and radio personality whose humorous syndicated column "The Conning Tower" earned him the reputation of godfather of the contemporary newspaper column. He wrote primarily under ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Gerry
- president of Sinn Fein, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), one of the chief architects of Sinn Fein's shift to a policy of seeking a peaceful settlement ... [8 Related Articles]
- Adams, Hannah
- American compiler of historical information in the study of religion.
- Adams, Henry
- (from the article "Adams family") Established in America by Henry Adams, who emigrated from England to Massachusetts Bay Colony about 1636, the family made no special mark until the time of John Adams (1735-1826). Perhaps ...
- Adams, Henry
- historian, man of letters, and author of one of the outstanding autobiographies of Western literature, The Education of Henry Adams. [4 Related Articles]
- Adams, Herbert Baxter
- historian and educator, one of the first to use the seminar method in U.S. higher education and one of the founders of the American Historical Association.
- Adams, James Luther
- (from the article "Unitarianism and Universalism") ...AUA, and while in office he prepared the denomination for future growth. In the 1930s a critical movement emerged, largely in response to a general crisis of faith in liberal ...
- Adams, John
- American composer and conductor whose works were among the most performed of contemporary classical music. [3 Related Articles]
- Adams, John
- early advocate of American independence from Great Britain, major figure in the Continental Congress (1774-77), author of the Massachusetts constitution (1780), signer of the Treaty of Paris (1783), first American ... [20 Related Articles]
- Adams, John Couch
- British mathematician and astronomer, one of two people who independently discovered the planet Neptune. On July 3, 1841, Adams had entered in his journal: "Formed a design in the beginning ... [3 Related Articles]
- Adams, John Quincy
- eldest son of President John Adams and sixth president of the United States (1825-29). In his prepresidential years he was one of America's greatest diplomats (formulating, among other things, what ... [15 Related Articles]
- Adams, Justin
- (from the article "Performing Arts") Another British rock performer involved in the African music scene was Justin Adams, who worked as guitarist with Robert Plant and as producer for Tinariwen, the best-known exponents of "desert ...
- Adams, Leonie
- American poet and educator whose verse interprets emotions and nature with an almost mystical vision.
- Adams, Louisa
- American first lady (1825-29), the wife of John Quincy Adams, sixth president of the United States. [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Marian
- American social arbiter and accomplished photographer.
- Adams, Maude
- American actress, best known for her portrayals of Sir James Barrie's heroines.
- Adams, Michael
- (from the article "Chess") ...headline coverage in the media, yet reverses suffered by leading human players against the latest enhanced supercomputers, such as the 5.5-0.5 victory by Hydra against English grandmaster Michael Adams in ...
- Adams, Robert
- (from the article "Art and Art Exhibitions") Robert Adams's "Turning Back: A Photographic Journal of Re-exploration" was exhibited Sept. 29, 2005-Jan. 3, 2006, at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMoMA). Accompanied by a catalog of ...
- Adams, Robert
- clinician noted for his contributions to the knowledge of heart disease and gout. In 1827 he described a condition characterized by a very slow pulse and by transient giddiness or ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Robert McCormick
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...cities of southern Mesopotamia, as far as their names are known, are Eridu, Uruk, Bad-tibira, Nippur, and Kish (35 miles south-southeast of Baghdad). The surveys of the American archaeologist Robert ...
- Adams, Roger
- chemist and teacher known for determining the chemical constitution of such natural substances as chaulmoogra oil (used in treating leprosy), the toxic cottonseed pigment gossypol, marijuana, and many alkaloids. He ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Samuel
- politician of the American Revolution, leader of the Massachusetts "radicals," who was a delegate to the Continental Congress (1774-81) and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was later ... [3 Related Articles]
- Adams, Samuel Hopkins
- American journalist and author of more than 50 books of fiction, biography, and expose.
- Adams, Scott
- Cartoonist Scott Adams was asked one question so many times that he came up with a stock answer. It began, "I don't work at your company." People could not be ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Walter
- American astronomer who is best known for his spectroscopic studies. Using the spectroscope, he investigated sunspots and the rotation of the Sun, the velocities and distances of thousands of stars, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, William
- navigator, merchant-adventurer, and the first Englishman to visit Japan.
- Adams, William Henry Davenport
- (from the article "Crystal Palace") ...from the articles "Exhibition" and "Sydenham" in the 8th edition (1852-60) of Encyclopaedia Britannica. The former is unsigned and the latter written by William Henry Davenport Adams, author of The ...
- Adams, William Taylor
- American teacher and author of juvenile literature, best known for his children's magazine and the series of adventure books that he wrote under his pseudonym. [1 Related Articles]
- adamsite
- in chemical warfare, sneeze gas developed by the United States and used during World War I. Adamsite is an arsenical diphenylaminechlorarsine and an odourless crystalline organic compound employed in vaporous ...
- Adamson Act
- (from the article "United States") ...Court. Then in quick succession he obtained passage of a rural-credits measure to supply cheap long-term credit to farmers; anti-child-labour and federal workmen's-compensation legislation; the Adamson Act, establishing the eight-hour ...
- Adamson v. California
- (from the article "Reed, Stanley F.") ...when necessary, Reed avoided the pull of the court's liberals who sought an expansive incorporation of the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause to the states, most notably in AdamsonCalifornia (1947), ...
- Adamson, Andrew
- (from the article "2001: Other Winners") ...The Fellowship of the Ring Original Song: "If I Didn't Have You" from Monsters, Inc.; music and lyrics by Randy NewmanAnimated Feature Film: Shrek, directed by Andrew ...
- Adamson, Joy
- conservationist who pioneered the movement to preserve African wildlife.
- Adamson, Robert
- (from the article "Hill and Adamson") ...In order to get an accurate record of the features of the several hundred delegates to the founding convention, Hill decided to make photographic portraits and enlisted the collaboration of ...
- Adamthwaite, Anthony
- (from the article "international relations") ...in the 1930s. Financial, military, and strategic rationalizations, however, could not erase the gross misunderstanding of the nature of the enemy that underlay appeasement. The British historian Anthony Adamthwaite concluded ...
- Adana
- (from the article "Adana") ...the establishment of the Turkmen Ramazan dynasty in 1378. The Ramazan rulers retained control of local administration even after Adana was conquered by the Ottoman sultan Selim I in 1516. ...
- Adana
- city, south-central Turkey, situated in the plain of Cilicia, on the Seyhan River (the ancient Sarus River). An agricultural and industrial centre and the nation's fourth largest city, it probably ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adana Plain
- (from the article "Turkey") ...Over most of its length, the Mediterranean coastal plain is narrow, but there are two major lowland embayments. The Antalya Plain extends inland some 20 miles (30 km) from the ...
- Adangme
- people occupying the coastal area of Ghana from Kpone to Ada, on the Volta River, and inland along the Volta; they include the Ada, Kpone, Krobo, Ningo, Osuduku, Prampram, and ...
- Adanson, Michel
- French botanist who devised a natural system of classification and nomenclature of plants, based on all their physical characteristics, with an emphasis on families. [1 Related Articles]
- Adansonia
- (from the article "Malvaceae") ...such as the Paleotropical Bombax (20 species) and the pantropical Ceiba (11 species) yield kapok. Ochroma is the source of balsa wood. Several genera, including the Old World Adansonia (e.g., ...
- Adapa
- in Mesopotamian mythology, legendary sage and citizen of the Sumerian city of Eridu, the ruins of which are in southern Iraq. Endowed with vast intelligence by Ea (Sumerian: Enki), the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Adapidae
- (from the article "primate") The known fossil families of the Eocene Epoch (54.8 million to 33.7 million years ago) include the Tarsiidae (tarsiers), the Adapidae (which include probable ancestors of lemurs and lorises), and ...
- Adapis
- (from the article "primate") ...into new species in a sequence of increasing complexity and perfection. However, it was Georges Cuvier, a rabid antievolutionist, who in 1821 had the historic distinction of describing Adapis, the ...
- adaptation
- in biology, process by which an animal or plant becomes fitted to its environment; it is the result of natural selection acting upon heritable variation. Even the simpler organisms must ... [30 Related Articles]
- adaptation
- (from the article "intelligence, human") ...stressing the ability to think abstractly and Thorndike emphasizing learning and the ability to give good responses to questions. More recently, however, psychologists have generally agreed that adaptation to the ...
- adaptive agent
- (from the article "complexity") Intelligent and adaptive agents. Not only are there a medium-sized number of agents, but these agents are "intelligent" and adaptive. This means that they make decisions on the basis of ...
- adaptive control
- (from the article "machine tool") Improvements in CNC machine tools depend on the refinement of adaptive control, which is the automatic monitoring and adjustment of machining conditions in response to variations in operation performance. With ...
- adaptive equalization
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...were fixed and often manually adjusted. The advent of the automatic equalizer permitted the transmission of data at high rates over the PSTN without any human intervention. Moreover, while adaptive ...
- adaptive optics
- (from the article "Neptune") ...surface in the 1980s. In addition, astronomers have developed techniques for minimizing the effects of atmospheric distortion from Earth-based observation. The most successful of these, known as adaptive optics, continually ...
- adaptive radiation
- evolution of an animal or plant group into a wide variety of types adapted to specialized modes of life. Adaptive radiations are best exemplified in closely related groups that have ... [6 Related Articles]
- adaptive thermogenesis
- (from the article "nutrition, human") ...the thermic effect of food (or diet-induced thermogenesis), accounts for about 10 percent of daily energy expenditure, varying somewhat with the composition of the diet and prior dietary practices. Adaptive ...
- Adar
- (from the article "Jewish calendar") ...Heshvan, or Marheshvan (Bul [October-November]), Kislev (November-December), Tevet (December-January), Shevat (January-February), and Adar (February-March). The 13th month of the leap year, Adar Sheni (or ve-Adar), is intercalated before Adar and ...
- Adar Doutchi
- (from the article "Niger") ...(fossilized valleys of rivers that formed tributaries of the Niger in ancient times) descend from the Air and the Iforas Massif of neighbouring Mali. The central region consists of the ...
- Adar Sheni
- (from the article "Jewish calendar") ...Kislev (November-December), Tevet (December-January), Shevat (January-February), and Adar (February-March). The 13th month of the leap year, Adar Sheni (or ve-Adar), is intercalated before Adar and so contains the religious observances ...
- Adarand Constructors v. Pena
- (from the article "affirmative action") ...racial discrimination could not be proved, and placed limits on the use of racial preferences by states that were stricter than those it applied to the federal government. In Adarand ...
- Adare, Cape
- (from the article "Ross Sea") ...continental outline of Antarctica. The sea is a generally shallow marine region, approximately 370,000 sq mi (960,000 sq km) in area, centred at about 75° S, 175° W, and lying ...
- Adarnase IV
- (from the article "Bagratid Dynasty") Another Bagratid, Adarnase IV, became king of Georgia in 888, and his line ruled there intermittently until 1505.
- adat
- customary law of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia and Indonesia. It was the unwritten, traditional code governing all aspects of personal conduct from birth to death. Two kinds of Malay ... [2 Related Articles]
- Adat Perpateh
- (from the article "adat") ...of Malaysia and Indonesia. It was the unwritten, traditional code governing all aspects of personal conduct from birth to death. Two kinds of Malay adat law developed prior to the ...
- Adat Temenggong
- (from the article "adat") ...kinds of Malay adat law developed prior to the 15th century: Adat Perpateh developed in a matrilineal kinship structure in areas occupied by the Minangkabau people in Sumatra and Negeri ...
- adatom
- (from the article "electrochemical reaction") ...of the discharged ions into the crystal lattice, are separated in time and space, an intermediate species exists at the surface, that of relatively loosely bound and freely moving atoms, ...
- adaxial meristem
- (from the article "angiosperm") ...of at a right angle to the stem, as in dicotyledons. The leaf buttress begins as a ring that encloses the stem. The upper portion of the buttress develops a ...
- Adcock, Fleur
- New Zealand-born British poet known for her tranquil domestic lyrics intercut with flashes of irony and glimpses of the fantastic and the macabre.
- Adcock, Joseph Wilbur
- American baseball player who hit 336 home runs in a 17-year career in the major leagues; although he once hit four home runs in a single game and established the ...
- Adda River
- river, in the Lombardia (Lombardy) regione of northern Italy, issuing from small lakes in the Rhaetian Alps at 7,660 feet (2,335 m). The Adda flows southward from Bormio to Tirano, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Addagoppe
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") The next king was the Aramaean Nabonidus (Nabu-na'ihc 556-539) from Harran, one of the most interesting and enigmatic figures of ancient times. His mother, Addagoppe, was a priestess of the ...
- Addams, Charles
- cartoonist whose drawings, known mostly through The New Yorker magazine, became famous in the United States as examples of macabre humour.
- Addams, Jane
- American social reformer and pacifist, cowinner (with Nicholas Murray Butler) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1931. She is probably best known as the founder of Hull House in ... [7 Related Articles]
- addax
- (species Addax nasomaculatus), desert-dwelling antelope, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), once found throughout the Sahara but now much reduced in numbers and distribution and threatened with extinction from overhunting. A heavy-bodied, ... [1 Related Articles]
- adder
- any of several groups of venomous snakes of the viper family, Viperidae, and the Australo-Papuan death adders, viperlike members of Elapidae, the cobra family. The name adder may also be ... [2 Related Articles]
- adder's-tongue fern
- (from the article "Ophioglossaceae") The genus Ophioglossum (adder's-tongue ferns), with 25-30 tropical and temperate species, has sporangia in two rows near the tip of a usually unbranched, narrow, fertile spike. The genus Botrychium, with ...
- Adderley Street
- (from the article "Cape Town") ...led from the shore inland to the Dutch East India Company's produce garden became the main thoroughfare. Originally called the Heerengracht, for the canal in Amsterdam of that name, it ...
- Adderley, Cannonball
- one of the most prominent and popular American jazz musicians of the 1950s and '60s whose exuberant music was firmly in the bop school but which also employed the melodic ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adderley, Nat
- American cornetist and songwriter who starred in the popular "soul jazz" quintet headed (1959-75) by his older brother, Cannonball Adderley. [2 Related Articles]
- Adderley, Paul
- (from the article "Bahamas, The") Area: 13,939 sq km (5,382 sq mi) | Population (2006 est.): 327,000 | Capital: Nassau | Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governors-General Paul Adderley (acting) and, ...
- addiction
- (from the article "Health effects of primary smoke constituents") If opium were the only drug of abuse, and the only kind of abuse were one of habitual, compulsive use, discussion of addiction might be a simple matter. But opium ...
- adding machine
- (from the article "adding machine") a type of calculator (q.v.) used for performing simple arithmetical operations.adding machineMechanical adding machine.Roger McLassusadding-up game
- (from the article "card game") ...The aim is to collect or capture cards by methods other than trick taking (casino, slap jack, gops, snap, beggar-my-neighbour, battle). Many-but by no means all-are children's games.Adding-up games. A ...
- Addis Ababa
- capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is located on a well-watered plateau surrounded by hills and mountains, in the geographic centre of the country. [8 Related Articles]
- Addis Ababa Agreement
- (from the article "Sudan, history of the") ...SSLM, representing General Lagu, maintained a dialogue with the Sudanese government over proposals for regional autonomy and the ending of hostilities. These talks culminated in the signing of the Addis ...
- Addis Ababa University
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") ...colleges of liberal arts, technology, public health, building, law, social work, business, agriculture, and theology were opened in the 1950s and '60s. In 1961 Haile Selassie I University (now Addis ...
- Addis Ababa, Treaty of
- (from the article "Adwa, Battle of") The Treaty of Addis Ababa, signed in October 1896, abrogated the Treaty of Wichale and reestablished peace. The Italian claim to a protectorate over all Ethiopia was thereafter abandoned, and ...
- Addison
- county, western Vermont, U.S. It is bounded by Lake Champlain (constituting the border with New York state) to the west and the Green Mountains to the east. Lowlands in the ...
|
|
