(from the article "chemical industry") Figure 3 also shows that acrylonitrile can be copolymerized with butadiene (roughly one-third acrylonitrile, two-thirds butadiene) to form nitrile rubber (NBR). This synthetic has different properties from other synthetics and ...
(from the article "electroplating") While nonmetallic materials have been plated since the mid-19th century, a period of rapid growth in the utilization of electroplated plastics began in 1963 with the introduction of ABS plastic ...
(from the article "Locke, John") ...and in assuring freedom of thought and expression. Locke himself drafted the arguments that his friend Edward Clarke used in the House of Commons in arguing for the repeal of ...
(from the article "Cromwell, Thomas, Earl of Essex, Baron Cromwell of Okeham") ...the act against the payment by bishops of their first year's revenue to Rome. He secured the submission of the clergy to the King in matters of legislation, and in ...
(from the article "New Zealand") ...and made policy concessions to the Greens (6) in return for a pledge from the Greens to abstain on financial issues and votes of confidence. The opposition comprised the National ...
weight-driven wall clock with a large wooden, painted or lacquered dial. More correctly, it is called a tavern clock. Clocks of this type were displayed by innkeepers and got their ...
(from the article "extraterritoriality") ...is likewise of long standing. When, for example, during the reign of Queen Anne of Great Britain, the Russian ambassador was arrested for debt, an international incident ensued, and the ...
(from the article "Native American") ...the most momentous legal changes in the later 19th century included the creation of the Dominion of Canada (1867) and the passage of legislation including the Gradual Civilization Act (1857), ...
(from the article "Utilitarianism") ...and a rule is judged useful or not by the consequences of its general practice. Mill has sometimes been interpreted as a "rule" Utilitarian, whereas Bentham and Sidgwick were "act" ...
(Latin: "Acts"), in ancient Rome, minutes of public business and gazette of political and social events. They were in two forms: Acta Senatus and Acta diurna. [3 Related Articles]
in Greek mythology, son of the minor god Aristaeus and Autonoe (daughter of Cadmus, the founder of Thebes in Boeotia); he was a Boeotian hero and hunter. According to Ovid's ...
(from the article "sports") ...the discus. The historian Livy writes of Greek athletes' appearing in Rome as early as 186 BC; however, the contestants' nudity shocked Roman moralists. The emperor Augustus instituted the Actian ...
protein that is an important contributor to the contractile property of muscle and other cells. It exists in two forms: G-actin (monomeric globular actin) and F-actin (polymeric fibrous actin), the ... [13 Related Articles]
(from the article "cell") Actin is a globular protein that polymerizes (joins together many small molecules) to form long filaments. Because each actin subunit faces in the same direction, the actin filament is polar, ...
the performing art in which movement, gesture, and intonation are used to realize a fictional character for the stage, for motion pictures, or for television. [16 Related Articles]
(from the article "ultraviolet radiation") ...nm), far (200-100 nm), and extreme (below 100 nm). In biology, three conventional divisions have been observed: near (400-315 nm), which is absorbed relatively poorly by organisms; actinic (315-200 nm), ...
(from the article "Seaborg, Glenn T.") ...and placement of these and many heavier elements in the periodic table of the elements was helped greatly by an important organizing principle enunciated by Seaborg in 1944 and known ...
any of a series of 15 consecutive chemical elements in the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium (atomic numbers 89-103). As a group they are significant largely because of their ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Ericales") Actinidiaceae are usually shrubs, small trees, or lianas; they are largely tropical and especially abundant from Southeast Asia to Malesia. There are 3 genera and 355 species in the family. ...
(from the article "coloration") A relatively rare pigment, actiniochrome occurs in red or violet tentacle tips and in the stomodeum (oral region) of various sea anemones. The pigment plays no recognized physiological role.
(from the article "crossopterygian") The Actinistia, especially the family Coelacanthidae, unlike the Rhipidistia, have exhibited exceptional evolutionary stability. The same fossil deposits contain both marine and freshwater types, both already specialized during the Devonian. ...
(Ac), radioactive chemical element, in Group IIIb of the periodic table, atomic number 89. Actinium was discovered (1899) by Andre-Louis Debierne in pitchblende residues left after Pierre and Marie Curie ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "actinium series") set of unstable heavy nuclei constituting one of the four radioactive series (q.v.).FIGUREradioactive seriesThe four radioactive series of chemical el
(from the article "actinium") The most common isotope of actinium is actinium-227; the others, natural and artificial, are too short-lived to accumulate in macroscopic quantity. Actinium-227, which is one of the decay products of ...
an amphibole mineral in the tremolite-actinolite series of calcium, magnesium, and iron silicates. The minerals in this series are abundant in regionally metamorphosed rocks, such as schists. Tremolite may weather ... [1 Related Articles]
in chemistry, a substance or a mixture of substances that reacts through the action of light and that, because of the easily determined quantitative relationship between the extent of the ...
(from the article "flower") A flower may be radially symmetrical (see photograph), as in roses and petunias, in which case it is termed regular or actinomorphic. A bilaterally symmetrical flower, as in orchids (see ...
(from the article "pneumonia") ...variety of organic dusts. These pneumonias may occur following exposure to moldy hay or sugarcane, room humidifiers, and air-conditioning ducts, all of which contain the fungus Actinomyces. ...
(from the article "actinomycosis") ...by two anaerobic species of the genus Actinomyces. The disease is characterized by multiple painful, hard swellings filled with pus, most often seen on the face, neck, chest, and abdomen. ...
(from the article "actinomycosis") ...is characterized by multiple painful, hard swellings filled with pus, most often seen on the face, neck, chest, and abdomen. Actinomyces bovis is responsible for the disease in cattle and ...
any member of a heterogeneous group of gram-positive, generally anaerobic bacteria noted for a filamentous and branching growth pattern that results, in most forms, in an extensive colony, or mycelium. ... [4 Related Articles]
a noncontagious bacterial infection of humans and cattle that is caused by two anaerobic species of the genus Actinomyces. The disease is characterized by multiple painful, hard swellings filled with ... [1 Related Articles]
any parasitic microorganism of the class Actinomyxidia (Actinosporea), phylum Myxosporidia (Myxospora). It inhabits the alimentary canal of certain aquatic worms. The characteristic spores develop in the host's gut after the ...
(from the article "protist") All with axopodia; pseudopodia with microtubular cores; elaborate endoskeletal systems generally present; tubular mitochondrial cristae; complex central capsule characteristic of many; primarily marine; 11,000 to 12,000 reported species, more than ...
(from the article "vertebrate") ...scales; paired nostrils with or without internal nares; lateral-line system; mostly oviparous with external fertilization; some ovoviviparous or viviparous.Generally lack choanae; no fleshy base to paired fins; ...
(from the article "cnidarian") ...craspedote). Colonial forms commonly polymorphic. Coelenteron undivided. Gametes ripen in ectoderm. Only class with some freshwater members. 2,700 species.Curious groups of solitary, motile cnidarians with features of both polyps ...
(from the article "applied logic") The propositional modalities relating to normative (or valuational) classifications of actions and states of affairs, such as the permitted, the obligatory, the forbidden, or the meritorious, are characterized as deontic ...
(from the article "keyboard instrument") In the three surviving examples of Cristofori's pianos, which date from the 1720s, the mechanism, or "action," differs somewhat from that described and pictured by Maffei; however, rather than merely ...
in theoretical physics, an abstract quantity that describes the overall motion of a physical system. Motion, in physics, may be described from at least two points of view: the close-up ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "small arm") Practical shoulder-fired small arms started with the perfection of the flintlock ignition system in the mid-17th century (see military technology). Earlier gunpowder small arms, based on the matchlock or wheel ...
(from the article "mechanics") ...bodies interacting with one another by means of the force of gravity. In the previous discussion of circular orbits, the Sun was assumed to be at rest at the centre ...
(from the article "chess") ...to be a bridge between serious and quick chess. The most popular new format, which appeared in the mid-1980s, limited an entire game to 25 minutes for each player. This ...
(French: "French Action"), influential right-wing antirepublican group in France during the first 40 years of the 20th century. Action Francaise was also the name of a daily newspaper (published from ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Akintola, Samuel Ladoke") ...of the Baptist Teachers' Union and the Nigerian Youth Movement. He left teaching to study public administration and law in England and returned to Nigeria in 1950. He became a ...
(from the article "Suriname") ...a coalition government of the NPS and the VHP. In 1961 the left-wing Nationalist Republican Party (Partij Nationalistische Republiek; PNR) was established. Among the East Indian population the Action Group ...
(from the article "calculus of variations") ...principle of least action (c. 1744), which sought to explain all processes as driven by a demand that some property be economized or minimized. In particular, minimizing an integral, called ...
direct, instinctual, and highly dynamic kind of art that involves the spontaneous application of vigorous, sweeping brushstrokes and the chance effects of dripping and spilling paint onto the canvas. The ... [9 Related Articles]
the brief (about one-thousandth of a second) reversal of electric polarization of the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) or muscle cell. In the neuron an action potential produces the ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") ...since then. The Ministry of the Interior was under the control of another purge victim, Josef Pavel. The newly elected Presidium of the Communist Party consisted largely of newcomers, and ...
(from the article "criminology") Action research, which is often contrasted with experimental research, consists of drawing upon the observations of field-workers and other persons directly involved with delinquents, potential delinquents, or prisoners. For example, ...
(from the article "Italy") ...cautiously revived in 1942 and 1943. The Communists helped to organize strikes, the leading Roman Catholics formed the Christian Democratic Party (now the Italian Popular Party) in 1943, and the ...
(from the article "nature, philosophy of") ...at which differentials (small or infinitesimal distances or quantities) in several dimensions change with respect to their neighbours-electrodynamics is a local-action theory rather than an action-at-a-distance theory as in older ...
(from the article "Xerxes I") ...men according to Herodotus and 360,000 by modern estimate, supported by 700 to 800 ships. Their passage was facilitated by a massive engineering works: a channel was dug across the ...
(September 2, 31 BC), naval battle off a promontory in the north of Acarnania, on the western coast of Greece, where Octavian (known as the emperor Augustus after 27 BC), ... [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "aluminum processing") Activated alumina is a porous form of aluminum oxide from which much of the chemically combined water has been driven off at temperatures low enough to avoid sintering. It is ...
(from the article "environmental works") An effective method for removing dissolved organic substances that cause tastes, odours, or colours is adsorption by activated carbon. Adsorption is the capacity of a solid particle to attract molecules ...
sewage-treatment process in which sludge, the accumulated, bacteria-rich deposits of settling tanks and basins, is seeded into incoming waste water and the mixture agitated for several hours in the presence ... [2 Related Articles]
in psychology, the stimulation of the cerebral cortex into a state of general wakefulness, or attention. Activation proceeds from various portions of the brain, but primarily from the reticular formation, ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "rare-earth element") Analytical methods involving activation analysis (production of artificial radioactivity) and mass spectroscopy (separation of atoms on the basis of mass) have made it possible to make accurate measurements of the ...
(from the article "electronic voting") ...somehow interact with another electronic device. Thus, connection to the Internet or to wireless devices is usually disallowed. However, a voting session is typically initiated through the use of an ...
in chemistry, the minimum amount of energy that is required to activate atoms or molecules to a condition in which they can undergo chemical transformation or physical transport. In terms ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Table 5: Applications of Radiation Interactions in Detectors") For radiation energies of several MeV and lower, charged particles and fast electrons do not induce nuclear reactions in absorber materials. Gamma rays with energy below a few MeV also ...
(from the article "collective behaviour") The active crowd identifies an object or group of objects outside itself and proceeds to act directly upon it or them. It will brook no delay or interference, no discussion ...
(from the article "radiation measurement") ...is later measured through some type of processing. These so-called passive detectors are widely applied in the routine monitoring of occupational exposures to ionizing radiation. In contrast, in active detectors ...
(from the article "shamanism") In active, or wandering, trances the shaman's life functions decrease to an abnormal minimum. The soul of the shaman, it is believed, then leaves his body and seeks one of ...
(from the article "muscle") ...heart muscle cells. In a manner similar to that seen in skeletal muscle, there is a relationship between the muscle length and the isometric force developed. As the muscle length ...
(from the article "telescope") ...far beyond the Milky Way Galaxy system. These cosmic objects have intense clouds of radio emission that extend hundreds of thousands of light-years away from a central energy source located ...
(from the article "solar heating") In active heating, mechanical means are used to store, collect, and distribute solar energy in buildings in order to provide hot water or space heating. The sunlight falling on a ...
(from the article "permafrost") Ice wedges may be classified as active, inactive, and ice-wedge casts. Active ice wedges are those that are actively growing. The wedge may not crack every year, but during many ...
(from the article "immune system") Active immunization aims to ensure that a sufficient supply of antibodies or T and B cells that react against a potential infectious agent or toxin are present in the body ...
(from the article "epistemology") ...says that the intellect, like everything else, must have two parts: something analogous to matter and something analogous to form. The first of these is the passive intellect; the second ...
(from the article "permafrost") ...upper surface of permafrost is called the permafrost table. In permafrost areas the surface layer of ground that freezes in the winter (seasonally frozen ground) and thaws in summer is ...
(from the article "enzyme") Only a certain region of the enzyme, called the active site, binds to the substrate. The active site is a groove or pocket formed by the folding pattern of the ...
(from the article "sonar") Sonar systems may be divided into three categories. In active sonar systems an acoustic projector generates a sound wave that spreads outward and is reflected back by a target object. ...
(from the article "transducer") Electrical transducers may be classified as active or passive. The active transducers generate electric current or voltage directly in response to stimulation. An example is the thermocouple; here, the fact ...
(from the article "biophysics") ...laid the groundwork in this subject; his pupil, Hans Ussing, developed the conceptual means by which the transport of ions (charged atoms) across membranes can be identified. Ussing's definition of ...
(from the article "voice") in grammar, form of a verb indicating the relation between the participants in a narrated event (subject, object) and the event itself. Common distinctions of voice found in languages are ...
(from the article "rocket and missile system") With active guidance, the missile would track its target by means of emissions that it generated itself. Active guidance was commonly used for terminal homing. Examples were antiship, surface-to-air, and ...
(from the article "electronic game") ...were programmable in the sense that different game cartridges could be inserted into special slots-a technical step that encouraged the separation of game development from hardware design. Activision, founded in ...
(from the article "Zilliacus, Konni") ...Chicago in the 1890s. He returned to Russian-controlled Finland and began a career of smuggling revolutionary propaganda and arms from Sweden by sea into Finland. In 1904 he was an ...
(from the article "liquid") ...concentration of a substance may not be an accurate measure of its effectiveness, because of physical and chemical interactions, in which case an effective concentration must be used, called the ...
in radioactive-decay processes, the number of disintegrations per second, or the number of unstable atomic nuclei that decay per second in a given sample. Activity is determined by counting, with ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "economics") ...empirical method of reducing the technical relations between industries to a manageable system of simultaneous equations. A closely related phenomenon was the development of linear programming and activity analysis, which ...
in chemistry, the ratio of the chemical activity of any substance to its molar concentration. The measured concentration of a substance may not be an accurate indicator of its chemical ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "labour economics") The employed labour force may be characterized by particular activity rates. An activity rate is the proportion of the whole number in a given age and sex group-for example, females ...
(from the article "business finance") ...ratio and debt as a percentage of total capitalization) are used to make judgments about the advantages to be gained from raising funds by the issuance of bonds (debt) rather ...
(from the article "accounting") A third method of cost finding, activity-based costing, is based on the fact that many costs are driven by factors other than product volume. The first task is to identify ...
amendment to the Brazilian constitution of 1824 that abolished some of that charter's extremely centralist and authoritarian aspects. It was enacted as a concession to federalists and republicans who threatened ...
(from the article "protein") ...actin, the molecular weight of which is about 50,000; it forms 12 to 15 percent of the muscle proteins. Actin can exist in two forms-one, G-actin, is globular; the other, ...
(from the article "Ealing") In 1231 Walter de Actune sold land in Acton to St. Paul's Cathedral. In late 1642, after the Battle of Edgehill, defense forces at Acton, Brentford, and Turnham Green (at ...
English Liberal historian and moralist, the first great modern philosopher of resistance to the evil state, whether its form be authoritarian, democratic, or socialist. A comment that he wrote in ...
British writer and connoisseur (b. July 5, 1904, Villa La Pietra, near Florence, Italy--d. Feb. 27, 1994, Villa La Pietra), was "the consummate aesthete of his generation," more admired for ...
commander of the naval forces of Tuscany and then of Naples who as prime minister of Naples allied that kingdom with England and Austria in the period of the French ... [1 Related Articles]
method of theatrical production dominant in England and the U.S. in the 19th century, consisting of a permanent company formed by a leading actor who chose his or her own ... [2 Related Articles]
prestigious professional actors' workshop in New York City whose members have been among the most influential performers in American theatre and film since World War II. It is one of ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "McKellen, Sir Ian") ...won both popular and critical acclaim in his performances as both William Shakespeare's Richard II and Christopher Marlowe's Edward II for the 1969 Edinburgh Festival. In 1971 he cofounded the ...
fifth book of the New Testament, a valuable history of the early Christian church. Acts was written in Greek, presumably by the Evangelist Luke, whose gospel concludes where Acts begins, ... [17 Related Articles]
(from the article "insurance") Recovery under homeowner's forms may be on the basis of either full replacement cost or actual cash value (ACV). Under the former, the owner suffers no reduction in loss recovery ...
(from the article "metaphysics") ...as realism (e.g., that things exist separately within their own surfaces) must be revealed for what they are, namely, abstractions. The basic units of reality are organismic unities, "actual occasions," ...
(from the article "sin") Theologians divide sin into "actual" and "original." Actual sin is sin in the ordinary sense of the word and consists of evil acts, whether of thought, word, or deed. Original ...
