| | - average
- (from the article "probability theory") ...is the standard deviation of X1 divided by n. This quantifies the intuitive notion that the average of repeated observations is less variable than the individual observations. More precisely, it ...
- average cost
- (from the article "accounting") Accountants can make this division by any of three main inventory costing methods: (1) first-in, first-out (FIFO), (2) last-in, first-out (LIFO), or (3) average cost. The LIFO method is widely ...
- average deviation
- (from the article "analysis") ...of variability is the range, given as the difference between the largest and the smallest results. It has no statistical significance, however, for small data sets. Another statistical term, the ...
- average propensity to consume
- (from the article "propensity to consume") ...the proportion of total income or of an increase in income that consumers tend to spend on goods and services rather than to save. The ratio of total consumption to ...
- average propensity to save
- (from the article "propensity to save") in economics, the proportion of total income or of an increase in income that consumers save rather than spend on goods and services. The average propensity to save equals the ...
- average velocity
- (from the article "mechanics") The average velocity of the particle is a vector given by
- Averescu, Alexandru
- military leader and politician who three times served as premier of Romania and was the country's national hero in World War I.
- Averno, Lake of
- crater lake in Napoli province, Campania region, southern Italy, in the Campi Flegrei volcanic region, west of Naples. It is 7 ft (2 m) above sea level, 118 ft deep, ...
- Averroes
- influential Islamic religious philosopher who integrated Islamic traditions with ancient Greek thought. At the request of the Almohad caliph Abu Ya'qub Yusuf, he produced a series of summaries and commentaries ... [16 Related Articles]
- Aversa
- town and episcopal see, Campania region, southern Italy, in the fertile Campanian plain north of Naples. Founded in 1030 by the Normans, who made it the capital of the first ...
- aversion therapy
- psychotherapy designed to cause a patient to reduce or avoid an undesirable behaviour pattern by conditioning the person to associate the behaviour with an undesirable stimulus. The chief stimuli used ... [1 Related Articles]
- averted vision
- (from the article "eye, human") ...visible on looking away. The same phenomenon may be demonstrated on a moonless night if the gaze is fixed on a dim star; it disappears on fixation and reappears on ...
- Avery turbine
- (from the article "turbine") ...turbines were proposed, all adaptations of similar devices that operated with water. None were successful except for the units built by William Avery of the United States after 1837. In ...
- Avery, Byllye
- American health care activist whose efforts centred on bettering the welfare of low-income African American women through self-help groups and advocacy networks.
- Avery, John
- one of Britain's most renowned pirates of the late 17th century, and the model for Daniel Defoe's hero in Life, Adventures, and Pyracies, of the Famous Captain Singleton (1720).
- Avery, Milton
- painter noted in his later years for depicting the human figure as a contoured flat pattern in vivid colours. In 1905 his family moved to Hartford, Conn., where he studied ...
- Avery, Oswald
- Canadian-born American bacteriologist whose research helped ascertain that DNA is the substance responsible for heredity, thus laying the foundation for the new science of molecular genetics. His work also contributed ... [3 Related Articles]
- Avery, Samuel Putnam
- artist, connoisseur, art dealer, and philanthropist best remembered for his patronage of arts and letters.
- Avery, Tex
- influential American director of animated cartoons, primarily for the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studios. [3 Related Articles]
- Avery, William
- (from the article "turbine") ...of the steam engine, a number of reaction and impulse turbines were proposed, all adaptations of similar devices that operated with water. None were successful except for the units built ...
- Avery, William
- (from the article "Chanute glider of 1896") biplane hang glider designed and built by American aviation pioneers Octave Chanute, Augustus M. Herring, and William Avery in Chicago during the early summer of 1896. Along with the standard ...
- Aves Islands
- (from the article "Bird Island") ...tide, located in the Caribbean Sea about 350 miles (560 km) north of Venezuela and 70 miles (110 km) west of Dominica. (The island is not a part of the ...
- Avesta
- sacred book of Zoroastrianism containing its cosmogony, law, and liturgy, the teachings of the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathushtra). The extant Avesta is all that remains of a much larger body of ... [18 Related Articles]
- Avestan language
- eastern Iranian language of the Avesta, the sacred book of Zoroastrianism. Avestan falls into two strata, the older being that of the Gathas, which reflects a linguistic stage (dating from ... [5 Related Articles]
- Aveyron
- (from the article "Midi-Pyrenees") region of France encompassing the southwestern departements of Lot, Aveyron, Tarn, Tarn-et-Garonne, Gers, Hautes-Pyrenees, Haute-Garonne, and Ariege. Midi-Pyrenees is bounded by the
- Aveyron, wild boy of
- (from the article "Itard, Jean-Marc-Gaspard") French physician noted for his work with deaf-mutes, especially the "wild boy of Aveyron."
- Avezzano
- town, Abruzzi regione, central Italy. Avezzano lies south of L'Aquila city. Built on the reclaimed Fucino Basin (q.v.), the town was destroyed in 1915 by an earthquake, of which it ...
- avgolemono
- (from the article "sauce") ...vegetable oil, and hollandaise and its variations, which are hot emulsions of egg yolks and butter. Typical additions to these sauces are herbs, garlic, orange rind, or minced vegetables. Greek ...
- Avianca
- (from the article "Colombia") Perhaps in no other country has air transport played so major a role as in Colombia. The government-controlled airline Avianca claims to be the oldest commercial airline operating in the ...
- aviary
- a structure for the keeping of captive birds, usually spacious enough for the aviculturist to enter. Aviaries range from small enclosures a metre or so on a side to large ... [1 Related Articles]
- aviation
- the development and operation of heavier-than-air aircraft. The term "civil aviation" refers to the air-transportation service provided to the public by airlines, while "military aviation" refers to the development and ... [58 Related Articles]
- Aviation Corporation
- (from the article "American Airlines") ...out of a charter service called The Bee Line formed in 1923, flew mail between New York City and Boston, beginning June 18, 1926. In 1929 these airlines were combined ...
- aviation industry
- (from the article "airplane") Aviation goes commercial
- aviation insurance
- (from the article "insurance") Aviation insurance normally covers physical damage to the aircraft and legal liability arising out of its ownership and operation. Specific policies are also available to cover the legal liability of ...
- Avicenna
- Iranian physician, the most famous and influential of the philosopher-scientists of Islam. He was particularly noted for his contributions in the fields of Aristotelian philosophy and medicine. He composed the ... [15 Related Articles]
- avicularium
- (from the article "moss animal") ...The avicularium type of zooid has a small body and a rudimentary polypide; the operculum, however, is proportionally larger, has strong adductor (closing) muscles, and has become, in effect, a ...
- aviculture
- raising and care of wild birds in captivity, for the breeding of game stock, the perpetuation of declining species, or for display and education. The simulation of natural conditions is ...
- avidin
- (from the article "biotin") ...appeared with the discovery in 1927 that the addition of uncooked egg white to a diet that is otherwise adequate produces toxicity and disease. This is because egg white contains ...
- Avidius Cassius, Gaius
- usurping Roman emperor for three months in AD 175. [4 Related Articles]
- Avignon
- city, capital of Vaucluse departement, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region, southeastern France. It lies at a point on the east bank of the Rhone River where ... [3 Related Articles]
- Avignon Festival
- (from the article "French literature") This was an outstanding moment for the French stage. At the same time, government policy to provide state financial aid after the war led to the encouragement of great drama ...
- Avignon papacy
- Roman Catholic papacy during the period 1309-77, when the popes took up residence at Avignon instead of at Rome, primarily because of the current political conditions. [18 Related Articles]
- Avignon school
- a body of late Gothic painting, not necessarily of a single stylistic evolution, produced in and around the city of Avignon in southeastern France from the second half of the ...
- Avignon, Pont d'
- (from the article "Benezet, Saint") builder who instigated and directed the building of the Pont d'Avignon over the Rhone River at Avignon, France.
- Avila
- provincia (province) in the Castile-Leon comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), central Spain, on the northern Meseta Central (plateau). Avila is separated from Madrid province by ...
- Avila
- city, capital of Avila provincia (province), in the Castile-Leon comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), central Spain. The city of Avila is situated on the Adaja ... [2 Related Articles]
- Avila Camacho, Manuel
- soldier and moderate statesman whose presidency (1940-46) saw a consolidation of the social reforms of the Mexican Revolution and the beginning of an unprecedented period of friendship with the United ... [1 Related Articles]
- Avila, Bobby
- (from the article "Latin Americans in Major League Baseball") ...signed many of these players away from the Negro leagues for the Mexican League, along with not a few Anglo-American players from organized baseball. He also grabbed the Mexican talent, ...
- Avila, Farce of
- (from the article "Henry IV") ...divorce. He then married a Portuguese princess Joana, who bore a daughter, Juana (La Beltraneja). One faction recognized Henry's younger half brother Alfonso, deposing Henry in effigy in the "Farce ...
- Avildsen, John G.
- (from the article "1976: Best Director") Other NomineesOscar to "Rocky" for best picture, 19761976: Best PictureRocky, produced by Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler, directed by ...
- Aviles
- city, Asturias provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain. It lies along the Ria (inlet) de Aviles, an inlet of the Bay ... [1 Related Articles]
- Avinu Malkenu
- (Hebrew: "Our Father, Our King"), the opening words of each verse of a Jewish litany of supplication that is recited in synagogues with special devotion during the Ten Days of ...
- Avion Corporation
- (from the article "Northrop, John Knudsen") In 1928 Northrop cofounded the Avion Corporation in nearby Burbank, where he perfected a light, strong "multicellular" wing, built up from a number of sheathed-over, boxlike subcompartments. In 1929 Avion ...
- Avion III
- (from the article "Ader, Clement") ...War offered Ader the first payment in what would have eventually grown into a 650,000-franc subsidy to construct a new flying machine. The initial design, Avion II, was abandoned before ...
- avionics
- (derived from the expression "aviation electronics"), the development and production of electronic instruments for use in aviation and astronautics. The term also refers to the instruments themselves. Such instruments consist ... [3 Related Articles]
- Avions de Transport Regionale
- (from the article "European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company") In 1981 Aerospatiale and Italy's Aeritalia (predecessor of Alenia Aerospazio) merged their designs for a turboprop regional aircraft and formed ATR as a 50-50 joint venture to develop, market, and ...
- Avions Marcel Dassault-Breguet Aviation
- (from the article "Dassault, Marcel") ...and Third World nations and became some of the most widely used military aircraft in the world. In 1967 Dassault's company merged with Breguet Aviation, a manufacturer of transport aircraft, ...
- avirulence
- (from the article "community ecology") ...parasite. Certain host individuals, however, may have a mutated gene, dubbed the resistance gene in this scenario, that allows them to detect a substance the parasite emits, encoded by a ...
- Avis, Warren Edward
- American businessman was the pioneering founder in 1946 of Avis Rent-a-Car, which became the first car-rental agency to be based at an airport. Avis, a frequent flyer who identified ...
- Avisha' Scroll
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...published in the Paris (1628-45) and London Polyglots (1654-57), written in several languages in comparative columns. Many manuscripts of the Samaritan Pentateuch are now available. The Avisha' Scroll, the sacred ...
- Avison, Charles
- English composer, organist, and writer on musical aesthetics.
- Avison, Margaret
- Canadian poet who revealed the progress of an interior spiritual journey in her three successive volumes of poetry. Her work has often been praised for the beauty of its language ...
- Avisseau, Jean-Charles
- (from the article "Palissy, Bernard") ...were used later during the 17th century at Avon near Fontainebleau and at Manerbe, Calvados, where a few lead-glazed earthenware statuettes were made. Between 1840 and 1870 copies were executed ...
- Avitabile, Enzo
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...Her album Rebeldia con alegria mixed Cuban rhythms with songs by her friend Manu Chao and cheerful political anthems. If the sassy Sanchez shook up Spanish music, then the veteran ...
- Avitus
- Western Roman emperor (455-456). [1 Related Articles]
- Aviz, House of
- (from the article "Portugal") The legitimate male line of Henry of Burgundy ended at Ferdinand's death, and, when the Cortes met at Coimbra in March-April 1385, John of Aviz was declared king (as John ...
- avocado
- fruit of Persea americana of the family Lauraceae, a tree native to the Western Hemisphere from Mexico south to the Andean regions. The tree, tall or spreading, has leaves elliptic ... [2 Related Articles]
- avocat
- (from the article "advocate") ...advocate is used mainly in those legal systems that derived from the Roman law. In Scotland the word refers particularly to a member of the bar of Scotland, the Faculty ...
- avocet
- any of several large shorebirds belonging to the genus Recurvirostra, family Recurvirostridae. Avocets have boldly contrasting plumage, long bluish legs, and a long black bill upturned at the tip. They ... [2 Related Articles]
- Avogadro constant
- (from the article "Avogadro's law") The specific number of molecules in one gram-mole of a substance, defined as the molecular weight in grams, is 6.0221367 × 1023, a quantity called Avogadro's number, or the Avogadro ...
- Avogadro's law
- a statement that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain an equal number of molecules. This empirical relation can be derived from the ... [6 Related Articles]
- Avogadro, Amedeo
- Italian mathematical physicist who showed in what became known as Avogadro's law that, under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain an equal number of molecules. [6 Related Articles]
- avoidance behaviour
- type of activity seen in animals exposed to adverse stimuli, in which the tendency to act defensively is stronger than the tendency to attack. The underlying implication that a single ... [3 Related Articles]
- avoidance relationship
- in human societies, the institutionalized, formal avoidance of one individual by another. Avoidance relationships usually involve persons of opposite sexes who have a specific kin relationship to one another. [3 Related Articles]
- avoidance, zone of
- region characterized by an apparent absence of galaxies near the plane of the Milky Way Galaxy and caused by the obscuring effect of interstellar dust. It was so called by ... [1 Related Articles]
- avoidance-avoidance conflict
- (from the article "conflict") ...conflict), as when a youth has to choose between two attractive and practicable careers, may lead to some vacillation but rarely to great distress. A conflict between two dangers or ...
- avoidant personality disorder
- (from the article "mental disorder") People with this disorder feel personally inadequate and fear that others judge them to be so in social situations. They show extreme sensitivity to rejection and may lead socially withdrawn ...
- avoirdupois weight
- traditional system of weight in the British Imperial System and the United States Customary System of weights and measures. The name derives ultimately from French avoir de ... [1 Related Articles]
- Avola
- town, southeastern Sicily, Italy, southwest of Syracuse. Rebuilt after an earthquake in 1693, the town has several fine 18th-century churches. Sugar refining and almond packing are the main industries. Pop. ...
- Avon
- (from the article "pottery") ...mottled in brown, blue, and purple. Palissy later turned his attention to classical and biblical subjects, which he molded in relief. After his death in 1589, work in his style ...
- Avon
- region and former administrative county, southwestern England, bordering the Severn estuary and the Bristol Channel. The region comprises parts of the historic counties of Gloucestershire and Somerset to the north ...
- Avon Calling
- During the 1990s the untapped direct-sales markets in Russia and China provided a prime opportunity for Avon Products Inc. and Mary Kay Corp., two leading American cosmetic companies, to expand ...
- Avon Gorge
- (from the article "Carboniferous Period") Mississippian units exposed at the famous Avon Gorge section at Bristol, Eng., include (in ascending order): Shirehampton beds, Lower Limestone Shale, Black Rock Limestone, Gully Oolite, Clifton Down Mudstone, Goblin ...
- Avon Products, Inc.
- (from the article "Avon Calling") During the 1990s the untapped direct-sales markets in Russia and China provided a prime opportunity for Avon Products Inc. and Mary Kay Corp., two leading American cosmetic companies, to expand ...
- Avon, River
- river, eastern tributary of the River Severn that rises near Naseby in central England and flows generally southwestward for 96 miles (154 km) through the counties of Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, ...
- Avon, River
- river that rises on the southeastern slope of the Cotswolds, England, and flows through Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, and Somerset. The river shares the name Avon (derived from a Celtic word meaning ... [2 Related Articles]
- Avon, River
- river that rises 3 miles (5 km) east of Devizes, Wiltshire, England, on the north side of the Vale of Pewsey and flows generally southward for 48 miles (77 km) ...
- Avon, Vale of
- (from the article "West Wiltshire") ...(24 km) southeast of Bristol. West Wiltshire consists of chalk uplands at elevations of more than 600 feet (185 metres). The eastern edge of the Salisbury Plain in the south ...
- Avondale
- city, Maricopa county, central Arizona, U.S. Originally a station of the Southern Pacific Railroad some 20 miles (30 km) west of Phoenix, Avondale is situated near the Gila River in ...
- Avongara
- (from the article "Sudan, The") ...apex of the hierarchy, followed by subchiefs, deputies, and finally homestead heads. The homestead was the basic political, social, and economic unit. Absolute authority lay with the aristocratic Avongara clan, ...
- avoue
- (from the article "lawyer") ...in the testimony of witnesses; this is the primary means open to the avocat to persuade the court on legal and factual points. Formerly, in addition to the avocats, there ...
- Avramidis, Joannis
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...theme of horse and rider, gave a bald realistic style an oddly apocalyptic force. The rough-hewn monumentality of the figures of the Austrian carver Fritz Wotruba is characteristic of this ...
- Avranches
- town and port, Manche departement, Basse-Normandie region, northwestern France, on a hill overlooking the See estuary. The celebrated sanctuary of Mont-Saint-Michel is situated on ...
- Avril, Prosper
- (from the article "Haiti") ...when some three dozen voters were killed. In January 1988 Leslie Manigat won elections that were widely considered fraudulent, and Namphy overthrew him in June. A few months later Lieutenant ...
- Avro 504
- (from the article "Roe, Sir Alliott Verdon") Roe founded A.V. Roe and Company, Ltd., with his brother Humphrey in 1910. Of his early planes, the Avro 504 was the most successful: more than 17,000 were manufactured. It ...
- Avtomat Fyodorova
- (from the article "small arm") ...Vladimir Grigorevich Fyodorov, father of Russian automatic weapons, married the 6.5-millimetre cartridge of the Japanese Arisaka rifle to an automatic rifle. In 1916 he unveiled his new weapon, the Avtomat ...
- avunculate
- relationship between a man and his sister's children, particularly her sons, that prevails in many societies. The term is derived from the Latin avunculus, meaning "uncle." It ...
- avunculocal residence
- (from the article "avunculate") In some societies, an arrangement known as avunculocal residence obtains, in which boys leave their natal homes during adolescence and join the household of one of their mother's brothers. Girls ...
- Avus highway
- (from the article "roads and highways") ...led to the introduction of the freeway, which is a divided highway with no conflicting traffic movements and no access from adjoining properties. In Germany between 1913 and 1921 a ...
- Avvakum Petrovich
- archpriest, leader of the Old Believers, conservative clergy who brought on one of the most serious crises in the history of the Russian church by separating from the Russian Orthodox ... [3 Related Articles]
- AWACS
- a mobile, long-range radar surveillance and control centre for air defense. The system, as developed by the U.S. Air Force, is mounted in a specially modified Boeing 707 aircraft. Its ... [2 Related Articles]
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