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Adria ... aeolipile

Adria: town and episcopal see of Rovigo provincia, in the Veneto regione of northern Italy, on the Bianco Canal just east of Rovigo. Founded by the Etruscans or the Veneti of ...
Adrian: city, seat (1826) of Lenawee county, southeastern Michigan, U.S., on the River Raisin. Addison J. Comstock settled the site in 1826 as Logan and renamed it in 1828 for the ...
Adrian I: pope from 772 to 795 whose relationship with the emperor Charlemagne symbolized the medieval ideal of union of church and state in a united Christendom.
Adrian II: pope from 867 to 872.
Adrian III, Saint: pope from 884 to 885.
Adrian IV: the only Englishman to occupy the papal throne (1154-59).
Adrian V: pope for about five weeks in 1276.
Adrian VI: the only Dutch pope, elected in 1522. He was the last non-Italian pope until the election of John Paul II in 1978.
Adrian, Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron: British electrophysiologist who with Sir Charles Sherrington won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1932 for discoveries regarding the nerve cell.
Adrianople, Battle of: (Aug. 9, AD 378), battle fought at present Edirne, in European Turkey, resulting in the defeat of a Roman army commanded by the emperor Valens at the hands of the ...
Adriatic Sea: arm of the Mediterranean Sea, lying between the Italian and Balkan peninsulas. The Strait of Otranto at its southeasterly limit links it with the Ionian Sea. It is about 500 ...
adsorption: capability of all solid substances to attract to their surfaces molecules of gases or solutions with which they are in contact. Solids that are used to adsorb gases or dissolved ...
Adud ad-Dawlah: greatest ruler (949-983) of the Iranian Buyid dynasty.
adularia: a feldspar mineral that contains more than 80 percent potassium aluminosilicate (KAlSi₃O₈). It commonly forms colourless, glassy, prismatic, twinned crystals in low-temperature veins of acidic plutonic rocks and in cavities ...
Adullam: ancient city and modern development region, in the upper part of Ha-Shefela, central Israel. The mound of Tel 'Adullam, or Horbat ("Ruins of") 'Adullam (Arabic: Tall Ash-Shaykh Madhkur), 22.5 miles ...
Adullamite: member of a group of English politicians who rebelled against their leaders in the Liberal Party and defeated the Reform Bill of 1866. Their name was derived from the biblical ...
adult education: any form of learning undertaken by or provided for mature men and women. In a 1970 report, the National Institute of Adult Education (England and Wales) defined adult education as ...
adultery: sexual relations between a married person and someone other than the spouse. Written or customary prohibitions or taboos against adultery constitute part of the marriage code of virtually every society. ...
adulthood: the period in the human lifespan in which full physical and intellectual maturity have been attained. Adulthood is commonly thought of as beginning at age 20 or 21 years. Middle ...
Adur: district, administrative county of West Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. It is named for the River Adur, which cuts through the chalk ridge of the South Downs via an ...
Advaita: (Sanskrit: "Nondualism," or "Monism"), most influential of the schools of Vedanta, an orthodox philosophy of India. While its followers find its main tenets already fully expressed in the Upanisads and ...
Advance Australia Fair: national anthem of Australia, adopted on April 19, 1984. It was first officially proposed in 1974 to replace "God Save the Queen," which had been the national anthem from 1788 ...
advanced ceramics: substances and processes used in the development and manufacture of ceramic materials that exhibit special properties.
advanced structural ceramics: ceramic materials that demonstrate enhanced mechanical properties under demanding conditions. Because they serve as structural members, often being subjected to mechanical loading, they are given the name structural ceramics. Ordinarily, ...
advection: in climatology, change in a property of a moving mass of air because the mass moves to a region where the property has a different value (e.g., the change in ...
Advent: (from Latin adventus, "coming"), in the Christian church, a period of preparation for the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ at Christmas and also of preparation for the Second ...
Advent Christian Church: one of several Adventist churches that evolved from the teachings in the late 1840s of William Miller. It was organized in 1860. Doctrinal emphasis is placed on the anticipated Second ...
Adventist: member of any of a group of Protestant Christian churches arising in the United States in the 19th century and distinguished by their doctrinal belief that the personal, visible return ...
adversary procedure: in law, one of the two methods of exposing evidence in court (the other being the inquisitorial procedure; q.v.).
adverse possession: in Anglo-American property law, holding of property under some claim of right with the knowledge and against the will of one who has a superior ownership interest in the property. ...
advertising: the techniques and practices used to bring products, services, opinions, or causes to public notice for the purpose of persuading the public to respond in a certain way toward what ...
advertising coloration: in animals, the use of biological coloration to make an organism unique and highly visible as compared with the background, thereby providing easily perceived information as to its location, identity, ...
advisory opinion: in law, the opinion of a judge, a court, or a law official, such as an attorney general, upon a question of law raised by a public official or legislative ...
advocate: in law, a person who is professionally qualified to plead the cause of another in a court of law. As a technical term, advocate is used mainly in those legal ...
Advocate of Moral Reform: American periodical that, between 1835 and about 1845, campaigned to rescue women who were victims of moral and physical corruption and to reassert woman's centrality to family life.
Advocates, Faculty of: the members of the bar of Scotland. Barristers are the comparable group in England. The faculty grew out of the Scots Act of 1532, which established the Court of Session ...
Adwa: town, northern Ethiopia. Adwa lies on the east-west highway between Aksum and Adi Grat at its junction with the road north to Asmara (Asmera), in Eritrea. Adwa is a market ...
Adwa, Battle of: (March 1, 1896), military clash at Adwa, in north-central Ethiopia, between the Ethiopian army of King Menilek II and Italian forces. The decisive Ethiopian victory checked Italy's attempt to build ...
Adwick le Street: town, Doncaster metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, England. The town derives its name from the great north British Roman routeway, Ermine Street. The earliest ...
Ady, Endre: one of Hungary's greatest lyric poets.
Adygea: republic, southwestern Russia. It extends from the Kuban River south to the Caucasus foothills. Adygea was established as an oblast (province) in 1922 for the Adyghian people, ...
adynaton: a kind of hyperbole in which the exaggeration is so great that it refers to an impossibility, as in the following lines from Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress":Had we ...
adz: hand tool for shaping wood. One of the earliest tools, it was widely distributed in Stone Age cultures in the form of a handheld stone chipped to form a blade. ...
Adzope: town, southeastern Cote d'Ivoire. A traditional market centre for the Attie people, it sends coffee, bananas, cocoa, and timber (mahogany, sipo) to Abidjan, 55 miles (89 km) south, for export. ...
AE: poet and mystic, a leading figure in the Irish literary renaissance of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Russell took his pseudonym from a proofreader's query about his earlier ...
Aeacus: in Greek mythology, son of Zeus and Aegina, the daughter of the river god Asopus. His mother was carried off by Zeus to the island of Oenone, afterward called by ...
Aechmea: genus of epiphytes (plants that are supported by other plants and have aerial roots exposed to the humid atmosphere) of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), with more than 140 species distributed ...
aecium: a cluster-cup or fruiting body of certain rust fungi (order Uredinales, division Mycota). Yellow to orange in colour, aecia develop after fertilization and bear one-celled spores (aeciospores, or aecidiospores). Aecia ...
Aedesius: Greek philosopher whose ideas had their roots in Neoplatonism, a school of philosophy that grew out of the Idealism of Plato.
aedile: (from Latin aedes, "temple"), magistrate of ancient Rome who originally had charge of the temple and cult of Ceres. At first the aediles were two officials of the plebeians, created ...
Aedon: in Greek mythology, a daughter of Pandareus of Ephesus. According to Homer, she was the wife of Zethus, the king of Thebes. She had only two children and envied her ...
Aedui: Celtic tribe of central Gaul (occupying most of what was later Burgundy), chiefly responsible for the diplomatic situation exploited by Julius Caesar when he began his conquests in that region ...
AEG AG: former German electronics and electrical-equipment company. As one of Germany's leading industrial companies through much of the 19th and 20th centuries, AEG manufactured products for industrial and domestic use.
Aegean civilizations: the Stone and Bronze Age civilizations that arose and flourished in the area of the Aegean Sea in the periods, respectively, about 7000-3000 BC and about 3000-1000 BC.
Aegean Sea: an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, located between the Greek peninsula on the west and Asia Minor on the east. About 380 miles (611 km) long and 186 miles (299 ...
Aegilops: genus of grasses (order Cyperales) that has become an agricultural contaminant. Members of the genus grow with wheat, mature at the same time, and, unless care is taken, are harvested ...
Aegina: island, one of the largest in the Saronic group of Greece, about 16 miles (26 km) south-southwest of Piraeus. With an area of about 32 square miles (83 square km), ...
aegirine: a pyroxene mineral, sodium and iron silicate (NaFe⁺³Si₂O₆), that is commonly found in alkaline igneous rocks, particularly in syenites and syenite pegmatites. It also occurs in crystalline schists. Aegirine forms ...
aegis: in ancient Greece, leather cloak or breastplate generally associated with Zeus, the king of the gods, and thus thought to possess supernatural power. Zeus's daughter Athena adopted the aegis for ...
Aegithalidae: songbird family that includes the long-tailed tits (or titmice) of the Old World and the bushtits of North America. Both groups are sometimes considered subfamilies of the family Paridae (order ...
Aegospotami, Battle of: (405 BC), naval victory of Sparta over Athens, final battle of the Peloponnesian War. The fleets of the two Greek rival powers faced each other in the Hellespont for four ...
Aehrenthal, Aloys, Count Lexa von: foreign minister (1906-12) of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy, whose direction of the latter's annexation of Bosnia and Hercegovina (1908) provoked an international crisis. (See Bosnian crisis of 1908.)
Aelfheah, Saint: archbishop of Canterbury who was venerated as a martyr after his murder by the Danes.
Aelfric: Anglo-Saxon prose writer, considered the greatest of his time. He wrote both to instruct the monks and to spread the learning of the 10th-century monastic revival. His Catholic Homilies, written ...
Aelia Capitolina: city founded in AD 135 by the Romans on the ruins of Jerusalem, which their forces, under Titus, had destroyed in AD 70. The name was given, after the Second ...
Aelian: Roman author and teacher of rhetoric, who spoke and wrote so fluently in Greek-in which language his works were written-that he was nicknamed "Meliglottos" ("Honey-tongued").
Aelianus: Greek military writer residing in Rome whose manual of tactics influenced Byzantine, Muslim, and post-15th-century European methods of warfare.
Aelle: first king of Deira in northern England, whose people threw off the Bernician overlordship upon the death of Ida, king of Bernicia. Aelle became king in 559, while Ida's descendants ...
Aelle: Anglo-Saxon ruler who is credited with the foundation of the kingdom of the South Saxons, or Sussex. Aelle is said to have landed near Selsey Bill (in modern West Sussex, ...
Aelred of Rievaulx, Saint: writer, historian, and outstanding Cistercian abbot who influenced monasticism in medieval England, Scotland, and France.
Aemilian: Roman emperor for three months in 253.
Aeneas: mythical hero of Troy and Rome, son of the goddess Aphrodite and Anchises. Aeneas was a member of the royal line at Troy and cousin of Hector. He played a ...
Aenesidemus: philosopher and dialectician of the Greek Academy who revived the Pyrrhonian principle of "suspended judgment" (epoche) as a practical solution to the vexing and "insoluble" problem of knowledge. In his ...
Aeolian harp: (from Aeolus, the Greek god of the winds), stringed musical instrument played by the wind. It is made of a wooden sound box about 3 feet by 5 inches by ...
Aeolic dialect: in Asiatic Aeolis, including the island of Lesbos, where Aeolian colonists from the mainland founded their cities. West Thessalian and especially Boeotian varieties of Aeolic were influenced by the neighbouring ...
aeolipile: steam turbine invented in the 1st century AD by Heron of Alexandria and described in his Pneumatica. The aeolipile was a hollow sphere mounted so that it could turn on ...